Transcript November 2 - davis.k12.ut.us

NOVEMBER 2
NEW SEATS/INTRODUCTIONS
TESTS/GRADES
CALENDAR
BEGIN UNIT V
TESTS/GRADES
• MC –
• Scantron fixed with okay symbols for those that were marked wrong and are correct.
• Scores - Test Scores
• FRQ –
• Common issues
• Read your entire FRQ and the rubric to relearn/reinforce
NEW CALENDAR
• Term 2 Part I
UNIT V PART I
NEURONS
NERVOUS SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ANATOMY OF A NEURON
1.
The next unit is all about the BIOLOGY of behavior. Therefore, you will
be required to know the ANATOMY and FUNCTIONS of major body
systems.
2.
The very smallest unit of the nervous system is the:
3.
How many neurons are located throughout the body?100 Million
NEURON
STRUCTURES OF THE NEURON
CellCell Nucleus
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath
that allow ions to cross the
cell membrane
FUN NEURO FACTS
•A large band of axons wound together with a
common purpose is called a nerve.
•The disease multiple sclerosis (M.S.) involves
a breakdown of the myelin sheath.
STRUCTURES OF THE
SYNAPSE
Other Names for the Structure
Terminal Branches: axon terminals,
synaptic knob, synaptic button
Synaptic Space: gap, cleft, synapse
Receptor Site
Receptor Site: new dendrite, post
synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitters: chemical
messangers
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
NEURAL IMPULSES
Excitatory
• GO!
• Fire
• Excite the next neuron
Inhibitory
• STOP
• Don’t fire
• Inhibit the next neuron
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
NEURAL STIMULATION
•There are three ways
1.
to stimulate a neuron
and get it to fire
(have an action
potential)
Chemical
(neurotransmitters/drugs)
2.
3.
Temperature changes
Pressure (touch)
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
IONS
• Sodium
• Na+
• More outside of cell when resting
• Potassium
• K+
• Located inside the cell
• Move back out of the cell after cell
fires to repolarize and make internal
state negative.
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
ACTION POTENTIAL
Resting/Graded Potential –
More POSITIVE ions OUTSIDE the cell membrane that creates a NEGATIVE charge on the
INSIDE
Polarization - A state of REST
Action Potential - The cell is STIMULATED above the THRESHOLD causing POSITIVE (NA+) ions
to come rushing inside.
Also called:
Neural Firing, Depolarization, Impulse
Threshold of Excitation - The level that the STIMULATION must exceed to cause a neuron to
DEPOLARIZE. This is what triggers an ACTION POTENTIAL.
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
REFRACTORY PERIOD
Absolute:
When the K+ ions begin to be pumped back out through the
cell membrane, the neuron CANNOT FIRE no matter how highly
stimulated.
Relative:
When a neuron CAN fire if the stimulation EXCEEDS the original
intensity.
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
REFRACTORY PERIOD
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
ALL-OR-NONE LAW
10.
Describe the All-or-None-Law:
Increasing your stimulation ABOVE the THRESHOLD DOES NOT increase the
INTENSITY of the impulse.
• If a gun fires, does it fire stronger if you pull the trigger harder?
• Field Trip
NOVEMBER 4
SUB –
CCN/QUIZ
NEURON CHART COMPLETED WITH CLUES GIVEN IN CLASS
*MAKE-UP BY COMING IN DURING FLEX TO SEE CLUES AND PUT IN CORRECT SPACES
NOVEMBER 8
REWIND – TWO DAYS
FINALIZE NEURON
FINALIZE NOTES UNIT V PART I
BEGIN PART II (IF TIME)
PATH OF ACTION POTENTIAL
*TRACE THIS WHILE HALF OF THE CLASS IS GONE
Dendrites ----- Soma ----Axon
---------Axon Terminals ---------- Neurotransmitters Released
--------- Synaptic Gap ---------- Receptor Site (New Dendrite)
--------- Excites or Inhibits.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5zFgT4aofA
http://learntech.uwe.ac.uk/synapsesneuro/Default.aspx?pageid=1909
14. NEUROTRANSMITTERS
•
Serotonin
•
•
•
•
Appetite
Aggression (high)
Mood (mania high/depression low)
SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocSptPUBbuo
•
AcH
•
•
•
Memory/Alzheimer’s
Muscle contraction
Botulism/BOTOX
•
Dopamine
•
•
•
Reward centers
•
•
Tardive Dyskenesia
Finite muscle control (Parkinson’s)
Attention/focus/thought organization
(schizophrenia)
http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?p
id=1596
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
• Endorphins
• Pain relief/natural pain killers
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjrB
dKXgYFY
• Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
• Adrenal glands
• Alertness/arousal (ADHD)
• Fight or flight
• Glutamate
• Excitatory(low level/no stimulation)
• Learning and memory
• GABA
• Inhibotory (low level/no inhibition)
• Huntington’s Disease/slow motor
movement
NEURAL COMMUNICATION
REVIEW
12. Explain how each of the following relate to the “neurinal” field trip our class took
today:
a. Resting Potential
b. Stimulation/Threshold
c. Action Potential
d. Repolarization
e. Absolute Refractory Period
15. TYPES OF NEURONS
a.
Receptor
Other Names -
sensory, afferent
Receive information from senses…. Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, skin….
b.
Effector
Other Names -
motor, efferent
Send signals from the brain/spinal cord to the muscles.
c.
Interneurons
Transmit signals between other neurons… Neural Networks
d.
Glial Cells
Nourish, direct growth, eliminate waste. BILLIONS MORE!
16. THE PATH
Sensory Neuron -- Interneuron -- Motor Neuron
17. NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND DRUGS
A. Drugs affect the neuron at the SYNAPSE
B. Neurotransmitters are affected FIVE ways by drugs/chemicals.
1. Drugs work as AGONISTS – mimic/copy
Examples: opiates are agonists for endorphins
(heroin/morphine/oxy)
2. Drugs work as ANTAGONISTS – blocks
Examples: LSD/Psychadelics are antagonists for serotonin and glutamate. Botox is an
antagonist for AcH.
NOVEMBER 10
FINALIZE UNIT V PART 1 – TURN IN STUDY GUIDES
BEGIN PART II – STUDY GUIDE/BRAIN MOBILE ASSIGNMENT
17. NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND DRUGS
3. Drugs cause reabsorption -- DOES NOT break down the N/T at the synapse, causing an
excess to be re-released the next time the neuron fires.
Examples: ecstasy causes reabsorption for serotonin, cocaine causes
reabsorption of dopamine
4. Drugs can cause an overproduction of neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron:
Example: Amphetamines (meth) can stimulate an overproduction of
norepinephrine; SSRI’s block the reuptake of serotonin, leaving more at synapse
5. Drugs can cause an underproduction of neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron:
Example: Curare slows the production of AcH, Haldol slows production of dopamine
18. THE BRANCHES OF THE NS
Central Nervous System CNS
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
(brain and spinal cord)
a. Somatic
b. Autonomic
• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic
*Body Model (C and P)
SOME DIFFERENCES:
19. N/T and a hormone:
• N/T released by and function within and around neurons of the nervous system (fast)
• Hormones released by glands of the endocrine system and travel through blood (slow)
20. Nervous and endocrine:
• Nervous: neurons/nerves/neurotransmitters
• Endocrine: glands/hormones/blood stream
21. GLANDS OF THE
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
AND HORMONES
RELEASED.
Pineal – melotonin
Pituitary – master/growth
Thyroid – thyroxin
Thymus - thymosin
Adrenal – adrenaline
Pancreas – glucagon/insulin
Ovaries – duh!
Testes – duh!