Transcript communication skills oral

How to communicate
in a new culture?
Communication skills
How to communicate in a new culture?
(Communication skills)
This module gives you basic understanding about the ways and importance of the process of
communicating with other people. The focus is on aspects related to communication skills in a
foreign country, but the information offered is applicable for an everyday life and can be used in
your home country.
The topics to be covered in this module include language skills, effective communication and
negotiation skills and. We also provide you some links to self-assessment tools and links to self-help
tutorials, as well as additional information about the topics.
Effective communication
Language skills
Negotiation skills
Self-assessment tools and
links to self-help tutorials
What is communication ?
• Communication plays a key role in all aspects of life.
• Communication means:
- contact (information exchange) between people,
- the exchange of thoughts, ideas and meanings.
• It is important to send signals (words, gestures) which can be
understood by the sender and recipient.
More information on the pages listed below:
•Communicationtheory.org, Definitions of communication http://goo.gl/ifQpN
•Businessdictionary.com, Communication http://goo.gl/xD4Ad
•Wikipedia.com, Communication http://goo.gl/5yTWK
•Infoamerica.org, A definition and model of communication, http://goo.gl/z6lLr
Communication skills
There are three basic communication skills
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
ORAL
Presentation
Audience awareness
Critical listening
WRITTEN
Academic writing
Revision and editing
Critical reading
More information on the pages listed below:
•Mindtools.com, Communication skills http://goo.gl/K6ocq
•Mindtools.com, Introduction to communication skills http://goo.gl/j4yeh
•Directionservice.org, Communication skills http://goo.gl/2dzsw
•Communicationskills.co.in, Definition of communication skills http://goo.gl/I7FtN
NON- VERBAL
Personal presentation
Audience awareness
Body language
Communication channels
and communication media
• The communication channel is a way through which message
is send to recipient There are two main channels of
communication:
– oral and
– written.
• Communication channels alone are not enough for good
communication, so that we need also the communication
media.
• The medias are tools used to store and deliver information or
data.
More information on the pages listed below:
• Iteaconnect.org, Communication media http://goo.gl/EiI3Z
• Unesco.org, Communication media, systems and strategy http://goo.gl/ifESF
• Tutorialspoint.com, Communication channels http://goo.gl/tOkr7
Communication channels
and communication media (continued)
•
Possibility to obtain an
immediate response.
•
This type of
communication allows
you to decide in shorter
time whether to reach
an agreement sooner.
•
You can ask questions
or share comments or
opinions.
- presentations,
- meeting,
- teleconferencing,
- videoconferencing.
 Cons
+ Pros
Oral channels are using media
listed below:
- face to face,
- telephone calls,
- speech,
•
Very limited ability to
correct sended
message.
•
During the talks,
meetings and
speeches, you can
not erase the already
spoken sentences.
Communication channels
and communication media (continued)
•
All messages can be
planned and controlled
•
A documented record of
the conversation
•
Message does not have
the emotional factor
•
You can avoid
falsification arising from
the transfer of the
information verbally
 Cons
+ Pros
Written channels nowadays take many The most commonly used are:
forms (medias), using both –
- list,
traditional and electronic equipment.
- notes,
- e-mails,
- communicators,
- faxes,
- websites.
•
Lost of the opportunity
for immediate
response.
•
Other side of
communication
process can also plan
and control their
response.
•
This kind of
communication can
often be less effective
Cultural diversity
Can be used in Crosscultural communication
topic or if not deleted
• To communicate effectively in a new country, you should get
to know not only the language of the nationality, but also
customs, traditions and culture. With a good preparation you
will avoid major mistakes.
• In Europe standards of behaviour in most countries are
similar. This area of world is consistent and you should not
meet many difficulties here, if you only can show a little
understanding and commitment to explore the European
tradition. Here you can find out more about Europe:
– Eupedia.com, European travel, history, culture, languages, trivia &
statistics http://goo.gl/gJSk5
THE RELUCTANT ENTREPRENEUR IN THE UK (ETHNIC
FOOD): „She spoke good English and had a good
understanding of English culture through reading and she
considers this was essential in developing relationships
with suppliers and understanding the regulations that
needed to be complied with in order to run a successful
business in England.”
THE RELUCTANT ENTREPRENEUR IN GREECE
(KNOWLEDGE): „When she first came to Greece, she was
25 years old and very interested in language and culture.
Thus, shortly after her arrival, Mrs. L studied Greek for
two years at a university in order to better communicate
with locals.”
Cultural diversity (continued)
Can be used in Crosscultural communication
topic or if not deleted
• In other parts of the world (depending on the political system,
religion or tradition), you can meet unknown to you yet,
habits or problems.
• If you want to learn more about the cultures of countries from
around the world look at the following sites:
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Analytictech.com, Differences in cultures http://goo.gl/hrnpR
Buzzle.com, Different cultures of the world http://goo.gl/qQSzB
Buzzle.com, World culture http://goo.gl/UQN15
Mindtools.com, Seves dimentions of culture http://goo.gl/zCYlY
Wessidetoastmaster.com, Cultural differences http://goo.gl/Q3Kxp
Edupass.org, Social customs and cultural differences http://goo.gl/HDYAU
Youtube.com, Cultural differences http://goo.gl/Mt5v4
Effective communication skills
• It is worth to remember that you should:
– Refer to the topic of conversation and to clarify its purpose:
•
•
The ability to say most important things as a one sentence;
Use a clear idea of communication ( who? what, where? how? when? why?- give as many details as possible).
• Know the audience
– Observe people in a new country and learn their way of behaviour;
– Use appropriate form of communication with using the well-known language of the
recipient (remember to build complete sentences in a language understood by the
recipient, be aware that not all are linguists).
• Attract the listener's attention and try to keep the interest as long as
possible
– Start with something interesting, try to be nice and remember that smile is very
important;
– Speak loud and during conversation look at people;
– Ask questions and try to be in touch with your recipient.
• Think about the form of expression:
– Changing the pace and tone of voice;
– Keep pauses;
– Underline what is important.
Effective communication skills (continued)
• Use appropriate means of communication, while maintaining the principle
that the best is to provide the same information in more than one form
– The memory is unreliable, try not only talk but also send e-mail, letter or leave a note,
etc.
• Make sure that recipient reached the message (remember to repeat)
• Make sure that you have understood the intention of the assigned media
– Ask for a summary or repetition of content;
– If summary or repetition does not work openly ask if you have been misunderstood.
• Monitor the recipient's response:
– Observe the recipient and his facial expression, gestures and eyes;
– If you will not be understood, you will be able to notice that.
How to improve your communication attractiveness in
the new culture? Express tips.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Maintain eye contact.
Be alive and remember about smile.
Show interest.
Be open, involved in discussion.
Stand/sit upright, tilt forward for expressions of interest.
Do not be afraid to approach people, but remember to
maintain proper distance.
7. Pay attention to the way of dressing - carefully match colours
and additions.
8. Try to balance the need to speak to the need to listen.
Why communication in business is so important?
If you know the rules of communication and you know how to
use them in running a business you have the opportunity to:
• achieve better business results,
• easily achieve the objectives,
• have more efficient handling of the negotiations,
• increase loyalty and commitment of people to you,
• improve relations and mutual understanding,
• explain to people the need for change and a reduction in their
inherent resistance to their introduction.
More information on the pages listed below:
- Blurti.com, Why is business communication so important for a company? http://goo.gl/KX48N
- Sixsigmaonline.org, Why business communication is so important? http://goo.gl/rFQBm
- Businesslink.gov.uk, Why good communications are important? http://goo.gl/C2hDR
Effective communication in business relationships
If you want to be understood and communicate effectively
follow those points:
• Use the method of "face to face" in the direct management,
• Do not speculate, cheat or lie because it leads to increased
uncertainty among business partners,
• Provide business partners sufficient time for the speech,
• Be patient no matter what senders message concerned - you
do not have to agree with him but you should give him chance
for free expression of opinion,
• Communicate with business partners in a clear, honest and
consistent way.
Good to know ...
•
Transmission of the importance of
information is done through:
– words and language (verbal
communication),
– tone of voice,
– body language (gestures and other
forms of expression called also
nonverbal communication).
• Non-verbal
communication is
contained in:
– mimicry of the sender and
recipient of a message,
– mutual glances,
– body positions,
– gestures,
– intonation of voice,
– expression of feelings.
Good to know ... (continued)
The message should be worded clearly, properly reflect the thoughts and intentions of
the sender.
• For example:
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When you walk into the bakery and you see lots of colourful cupcakes you should say: „I'd like a
chocolate cupcake with grated coconut and toffee sauce, first one from the left in the price of 3
pounds”.
Instead of: „I'd like cupcake”.
The phrase "I'd like cupcake" is not precise enough in this situation.
By using this phrase you will not be fully understood, so get ready for questions
such as:
–
Which cupcake do you mean? Which flavour you interested in? Could you show the cupcake?
The message should be compatible with accepted customs in a given environment,
standards and requirements.
• For example
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•
If you are organising a formal meeting on a certain topic and want to start it properly you should say
e.g.: „Good morning. Thank you for coming. The theme of our meeting today is X”.
Instead of: „Hi. How are you? It's nice to see you because we have to talk about X”.
If you use the second sentence the group, you are talking to might feel offended,
because such statements are not acceptable in formal situations.
THE POSITIVE CHOICE ENTREPRENEUR IN FINLAND
(SKILLED): Mrs M. could hardly speak any Finnish and
there were no language courses available for Estonians at
that time, either. The shock due to the collapse in her
social status when moving to a new country was hard. But
as her language skills improved, she was able to get
better jobs, meet more people and improve her language
skills.
THE WORK-LIFE BALANCE ENTREPRENEUR IN GREECE
(KNOWLEDGE BASED): „On the other hand a foreigner
who doesn’t speak the national language may encounter
difficulties in accessing information through everyday
procedures and in understanding how the system works.
For this reason she took care to study Greek in a school
for immigrants.”
What are negotiations? What they are for?
• Negotiation is a process by which the partners aim to achieve
the most favorable solution of problem or conflict situation.
• Negotiations should:
– Be beneficial to both parties,
– Be based on communication and collaboration,
– Rely on reaching compromise, which both partners agree (consesnus).
More information on the pages listed below:
• Negotiationbeyondconflict.com, Definition of negotiationshttp://goo.gl/ohz93
• Enterpreneur.com, Negotiations http://goo.gl/5uP8M
• Au.af.mil, Negotiations http://goo.gl/osyVs
•Youtube.com, The 4 steps of negotiations process http://goo.gl/ZTuAs
Six golden rules of negotiation
If you want to succeed in negotiations follow those six rules:
• Never agree to first offer without negotiation. Remember that the starting offer is typically
overstated, so it is not worth to accept it without negotiations.
• Put yourself in the situation of your partner. Think what is important to him and what could
he possibly give up, after analysing you will be able to predict his actions and it will be easier
to negotiate.
• Do not limit discussion to one issue. A wide range of topics allows you to divert attention to
other issues and to return to the left topics in the most favourable time for you.
• Agree on some negotiation points reported by your partner if possible and if it will not cost
you too much. Your opponent will receive it as his great victory. Everyone likes to win, let him
feel that something was accomplished. Trade-off will work automatically and then you will
get something from him.
• Remember to always separate the people from the business. Business is critical to the
negotiations – not people. Privately you can be a friend of your negotiation partner, but
when it is necessary you should consequently negotiate about issues important to you.
• When negotiations are successful transaction, congratulate your opponent and tell a few
words about his good negotiation skills.
How to negotiate effectively?
If you are not sure how to behave during the negotiations, don’t worry. We
have for you some advice:
• Do not be afraid to ask for better conditions. You have a right to want
more. Simply make sure nothing more can be done.
• If you hear "no", try at least one more time. Polite question, even if
repeated, will never be left without an answer.
• Do not show off, do not be overenthusiastic. Try to be yourself – this is
always the best way to gain the most.
• If an opponent asks you for something - always ask for something in
return.
• Always be prepared to stop negotiations. If you see that you're stuck in a
place not afraid to break the negotiations. You can request a change of a
negotiating partner and try again.
Are you good negotiator?
• Do you want to know if you can handle yourself as a
negotiator?
• Consider whether these features are your strengths or
weaknesses. If most of them are strengths – it’s more likely,
that you will succeed!
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sense of responsibility,
talent to convince others,
ability to observe and listen to others,
interdisciplinary knowledge,
knowledge of foreign languages,
compliance with the rules of ethics,
external conditions of negotiator, such as kindness and tact, elementary
principles of education, etc.
Abilities and skills useful in the negotiations
• If you have identified some of the features mentioned
previously as your weaknesses, find out about the most
popular negotiating skills and abilities – learn them, train and
believe in yourself!
• Careful preparation:
– Write down targets of negotiations.
– Point them from most important to least important (Now you know
why do need to negotiate and what is your target).
– Try to analyse the situation and plan the next steps.
– Get as much information as possible about issues and problems that
will be discussed during the negotiations.
– Do not let anything or anyone surprise you.
– Analyse strengths and weaknesses of their and your situation.
Abilities and skills useful in the negotiations
(continued)
• Brilliance
– Be as fast as you can.
– Analyse problems, search for solutions, precisely respond to questions during
the negotiations.
– Be creative.
• Precision of expressing
– Speak clear and simple language.
– Determine the order of issues and keep up on it- these scheme will help you
not to miss any issues.
• Careful listening
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Show interest to your partner.
Pay your whole attention to the other side.
Keep in mind, that e.g. you should not look at your watch or write sms.
Ask questions – your partner will know that you understand what he is saying
and you can also obtain some additional information.
Abilities and skills useful in the negotiations
(continued)
• Proper evaluation
– Constantly analyse your negotiation results.
– Try to be objective and fair.
– If you see that something is going wrong try to fix it up.
• Honesty
– Be honest during negotiations.
– Remember that if you would like to cheat or lie - you can do it only
once. Nobody would like to cooperate with unfair company for a
second time.
• Persuasion
– Accurate selection of the arguments.
– Accurate, consistent and factual presentation of the arguments.
• Patience
– Avoid quick decisions and forcing the other site to them.
Communication and business culture - business
etiquette
• The business etiquette is the basis of
behaviour in professional and also public live.
• It determines the rules of good manners.
• Knowing the etiquette is also very important
in formal situations.
• Business etiquette makes communication and
negotiation easier.
Communication and business culture - business
etiquette (continued)
The business etiquette - the savoir vivre in business are:
• The way of communicating your ideas, respect for your business
partners and presented body language.
• Proper manners, following relevant norms and standards in the
country or the community.
• Skills – greeting, eating, giving business cards, correspondence,
adjustment of clothing for the occasion, etc.
Business etiquette recommendations
• Be punctual. It is very important especially if you want to
be regarded as the person responsible and reliable.
• Remember about polite and appropriate greeting, take
into account existing rules in the group or community.
• Do not overuse gestures and remember that in business,
as a rule, you do not touch people who participate in
discussions.
• With due respect, get and give each business cards –
there are cultures in which the exchange is a very
important ritual.
Business etiquette recommendations (continued)
• Demonstrate patience and openness, even if the
person you are talking to is not able to say
information clearly.
• Avoid topics of conversation related to the private
issues (e.g. famili), if there is a need to establish
personal / direct contact, focus on neutral topics
(e.g. weather).
• Pay attention to the style and proper language, for
example there are communities in which using polite
forms is extremely important.
The importance of language skills
• In order to be able to communicate in a new
culture, in most of the cases you will need to
learn the local language.
• Although English language can be treated as a
universal one and used in many situations, but
in sometimes it will not be enough.
THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR IN POLAND (BETTER LIFE
MOTIVATION): The first work that Mr. D got here in
Poland was a position in a marketing company. As the
years went by and after numerous contacts with Poles,
Mr. D learned the Polish language, customs and
behaviors. Experience and contacts gained this way
allowed him to open his own business, which he has
successfully run for over 5 years.
THE KNOWLEDGE ENTREPRENEUR IN FINLAND (POSITIVE
CHOICE MOTIVATION): In 2005 they moved to Finland.
Mrs. P. then found she had problems finding a job. This
was mostly due to the fact that she could not speak any
Finnish. So, she took a three month language course
which helped her to get a position as a trainee in a local
school. This was a very important step in her integration
process.
What are language skills ?
• Language skills refer to the ability to:
– Communicate verbally,
– Communicate nonverbally,
– Communicate in written formats.
The chart below shows the division of language skills into four
primary elements
Listening
Listening is not only hearing but also understanding. It covers
identifying sounds and transforming them into particular words
and sentences. We can point out two kinds of listening:
• Active – reacting in a way that shows you are listening and
that you understand, for example while being in a face to face
conversation or when talking on the phone.
• Passive – listening without reacting. Like when you listen to
the radio or watch television.
Listening – sub-skills
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•
•
•
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Recognizing vocabulary.
Recognizing stress and rhythm patterns.
Recognizing standard word-order patterns.
Guessing the meaning from context.
Detecting various sentence constituents like
verbs, nouns, adjectives etc.
• Identifing shortened forms of words.
Speaking
Just like listening, speaking can be active and passive:
• Active speaking is when there is an interaction between both
the listener and the speaker. It happens in situations like
talking on the phone or simply while having a face to face
conversation.
• Passive speaking is when we speak without being interrupted
by someone else, like when giving a public speech.
Speaking – sub-skills
• Pronouncing sounds clearly enough for others
to understand.
• Using the correct forms of words.
• Arranging the words in correct order.
• Using an appropriate language register.
• Using proper vocabulary.
Reading
• Reading is identifying vocabulary and
understanding it’s meaning.
• It can be developed regardless of listening and
speaking skills, but generally improves along
with them.
Reading – sub-skills
• Recognizing vocabulary.
• When coming accross unfamiliar vocabulary, figuring
out the meaning of words from the context.
• Distinguishing key words.
• Recognizing grammatical word classes such as verbs,
nouns, adjectives etc.
• Identifing basic syntactic patterns.
• Getting the main point of the most important
information.
Writing
• Writing is often the most difficult of all
language skills.
• It is a expression of thoughts in a structured
way and a graphical representation of speech.
Writing – sub-skills
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•
•
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Putting words together in correct order.
Using the correct form of words.
Using correct orthography.
Making main ideas distinct from the
supporting ones.
• Using style appropriate to the genre and
audience.
The order of learning language skills
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Tips for improving your language skills
•
Try checking local community centres for language courses.
– Many of them offer courses at very affordable prices.
– Such courses offer an opportunity to improve your skills by practising with other
students and experienced teachers.
•
Keep in mind that listening to the language as often as possible is vital.
– Rent foreign films and listen to foreign music.
– The more you listen to the language, the more familiar to you it gets.
•
Read as much as possible.
– Foreign newspapers, books or even online articles are a great way to familiarize with the
language and increase your comprehension skills.
•
Practice your new language whenever and wherever you can.
– It doesn’t matter whether you talk to a waiter in a restaurant or to a friend, speaking is
the best way to improve your skills.
– You shouldn’t care if you sound a little silly at the beginning, you’re learning, keep
practicing!
•
Travel and participate in cultural exchanges.
– The more you stay in the country where your chosen language is the native tongue the
sooner you’ll get the hang of it!
THE WEB-ENABLED ENTREPRENEUR IN POLAND
(POSITIVE CHOICE MOTIVATION): At first everything went
quite smoothly. They managed to get a suitable flat and
made a lot of friends. Stefan remembers that the first
problems arose when he wanted to register his business.
Being able to speak German and fluent English, but not
Polish, he could not communicate with the government
office workers. He spent an enormous amount of time
going from one office to another being sent back all the
time.
Assessment of communication skills
•
In order to know how good you are at communicating today, you can use the links
below.
– Mindtools.com, How good are your communication skills? http://goo.gl/wVnRL
– Goalminds.com, Test your communication skills http://goo.gl/OAcfz
– Queendom.com, Interpersonal Communication skills test http://goo.gl/Cvgzv
•
Also, try to make your own SWOT analysis (S – Strengths, W – Weaknesses, O –
opportunities and T – Threats). After that you will know on what you need to work
and what communication skills you should improve.
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Mindtools.com, Personal SWOT Analysis http://goo.gl/DMXbX
Mindtools.com, SWOT Analysis http://goo.gl/VGIku
Psni.org.uk, SWOT Analysis http://goo.gl/1CRLd
Achive-goal-setting-success.com, How to do a SWOT Analysis http://goo.gl/JJOz5
How to asses your language skills
• Common European Framework of Reference
for Language Learning, Teaching and
Assessment (CEFR) had developed a
description of levels of knowledge of modern
languages:
– Basic user: A1 – A2
– Independent user: B1- B2
– Advanced user: C1 – C2
Explanation of the CEFR levels
• For A1 :
– The learner can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic
phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type.
– Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal
details such as where he/she lives, people he/she knows and things he/she has.
– Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is
prepared to help.
• For A2:
– The learner can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas
of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping,
local geography, employment).
– Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of
information on familiar and routine matters.
– Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment
and matters in areas of immediate need.
Explanation of the CEFR levels (continued)
• For B1:
– The learner can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters
regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc.
– Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the
language is spoken.
– Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest.
– Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give
reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.
• For B2:
– The learner can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and
abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation.
– Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction
with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
– Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a
topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.
Explanation of the CEFR levels (continued)
• For C1:
– The learner can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise
implicit meaning.
– Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for
expressions.
– Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.
– Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing
controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.
• For C2:
– The learner can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read.
– Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing
arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation.
– Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer
shades of meaning even in more complex situations.
Have you heard of Europass?
• In 1998 the European Commission and Cedefop started a
forum which aim (amongst others) was to eliminate problems
concearning mobility due to the lacking clarity vocational
qualification.
• This resulted in the creation of The European CV and the
Certificate Supplement adopted by the European Parliament.
• If you never visited the Europass website just get right on it at
http://europass.cedefop.europa.eu/en/home and learn more.
• Do not hesitate – the website is user-friendly and can be
displayed in numerous languages.
Learning materials, tips and links (language skills)
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Berlitz.ch, Free online language tests http://goo.gl/2vbM7
Transparent.com, Language proficiency tests online http://goo.gl/nAQuV
Esl.ch, Language courses and online tests http://goo.gl/Jvywj
E-polish.eu, Polish language courses online http://goo.gl/3EGeI
Kypros.org, Greek language courses online http://goo.gl/CTsxu
Uuno.tamk.fi, Finnish language courses online http://goo.gl/c4OX
French.about.com, French proficiency tests online http://goo.gl/QmX2S
Webspanish.com, Spanish language courses online http://goo.gl/b1ssh
Iluss.it, Italian language courses online http://goo.gl/cQkfA
Deutsch-lernen.com, Online German proficiency tests and language
course http://goo.gl/KNHEj
Learning materials, tips and links (communication)
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Encyclopedia.jrank.org, The Relationship Between Communication and Culture
http://goo.gl/2Si2k
Mindtools.com, Making a great first impression http://goo.gl/oBnRz
Mindtools.com, Body language http://goo.gl/D3JG1
Mindtools.com, Active listening http://goo.gl/HhU3e
About.com, Improve Your Relationships With Effective Communication Skills
http://goo.gl/JF2wr
Essortment.com, Breaking Cultural Communication Barriers
http://goo.gl/cKQ4x
Ehow.com, Barriers to effective intercultural communication
http://goo.gl/CxW0V
Ehow.com, Tips to break barriers in effective communication
http://goo.gl/g7j28
Ehow.com, Communications barriers due to cultural diversity
http://goo.gl/4Ue1O
Learning materials, tips and links (communication)
• Businessballs.com, Negotiations skills training http://goo.gl/D0eyk
• Chron.com, Effective comunication and negotiation http://goo.gl/0bGup
• Ehow.com, Techniques for improving the communication skills
http://goo.gl/LUyr4
• Kwintessential.co.uk, Doing Business in Poland- Business Etiquette
http://goo.gl/O5cSO
• Findlaw.com, Improving negotiation skills http://goo.gl/2Qzfz
• Negotiationskills.com, Questions and answers about negotiations
http://goo.gl/lbHKz
• Youtube.com, Cultural differences http://goo.gl/7lj6K
• Youtube.com, Effective Communication Skills http://goo.gl/9xKrB
• Youtube.com, Cross Cultural communication http://goo.gl/IYLzK
Learning materials, tips and links (communication)
• Youtube.com, Cross-cultural negotiations: Avoiding the pitfalls
http://goo.gl/ZLqZM
• Books.google.pl, Intercultural Communication: A Practical
Guide http://goo.gl/dY2W5
• Coachingspeech.com, Communication Process
http://goo.gl/Xe45F
• Englishclub.com, The negotiations process
http://goo.gl/qjQX7
• Ehow.com, How to be a goog negotiator
http://goo.gl/8NMVL
• Ehowm.com, How to reduce barriers to effective
communication http://goo.gl/kpxTF
Learning materials, tips and links (communication)
• Mindtools.com, Cross cultural communication http://goo.gl/objix
• Umext.maine.edu, Effective communication http://goo.gl/G6x9a
• Helpguide.org, Effective communication skills http://goo.gl/sJvEs
• Businessdictionary.com, Non-verbal communication for leaders
http://goo.gl/frdku
• Youtube.com, Secrets of body language http://goo.gl/7SqlQ
• Youtube.com, Nonverbal communication http://goo.gl/aVu8M
• Youtube.com, Body language http://goo.gl/oOHwv
• Helpguide.org, Nonverbal communication http://goo.gl/XgF0H
• Wikihow.com, How to read body language http://goo.gl/7HwjX
Learning materials, tips and links (communication)
• Businessmanagementdaile.com, 14 Tips on Business Etiquette
http://goo.gl/TdGhL
• Cyborlink.com, International Business Etiquette, Manners, &
Culture http://goo.gl/CYeqT
• Gradview.com, Business Etiquette Quiz http://goo.gl/aEPdN
• Youtube.com, Business Etiquette http://goo.gl/Qf68O or
http://goo.gl/9PRhV or http://goo.gl/CU0eC or
http://goo.gl/4YRMg
Learning materials, tips and links (nagotiations)
• Funquizcards.com, Can you be a good negotiator?
http://goo.gl/VT9Ny
• Secret2money.com, Are you a good negotiator?
http://goo.gl/JfR0V
• Money.cnn.com, Are you a good negotiator?
http://goo.gl/Skqeg