Transcript Intro to Communication Research Library Workshop

Intro to Communication Research
Library Workshop
Fall 2011
Overview
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How to be a better researcher
Your Communication subject guide
Your Intro to Comm Research course guide
APA Citations
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Refworks
Finding articles with Communication databases
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Communication & Mass Media Complete
Research Process
Image from Ohio Dominican Library, retrieved 8/29/10 from
http://www.ohiodominican.edu/library/help/knowhow/module_research/M0_A1c.htm; Edwards, Sylvia and Bruce, C.
Why Cite?
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In scholarly research, readers must be able to go to
the original source to verify the ideas and facts that
you rely upon to make your argument.
Reference List:
Formatting
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List references in alphabetical order.
Include only works that have been cited in the text of your paper.
Space evenly throughout.
The first line of a citation should be flush left
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Indent all subsequent lines (5 spaces).
References
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B.
Berelson, and
M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in Public Opinion and
Communication (2nd ed.),
pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.
Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication Theories: Origins,
Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media. New York, NY: Addison
Wesley
Longman.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering Cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Reference List:
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
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In Print
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article. Title
of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page.
Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant paradigm.
Theory and Society, 6, 205-253.
p.198-199
Reference List:
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
Retrieved Online
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article.
Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page. doi:
1053/45614-5643
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Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011). Motivational
processing and choice behavior during television viewing:
An integrative dynamic approach. Journal of Communication,
61, 71-93. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01527.x
p.198-199
Reference List
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
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Always leave names of authors in the order they are
given.
More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last author.
DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or name of
database
Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue
number in parentheses
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Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23(2), 14-23.
p.198-199
First page of
an article
Article Record from
a Database
Automatically
generate citations
or export to
Refworks.
Always double-check!
Academic Integrity & Plagiarism
Scholarly Research
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Your ideas supported by
the research of others
Paraphrase or direct quote
 Always cite ideas of others
Readers can easily find ideas
or facts referenced in your
paper
Plagiarism
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Copy & paste writing of
others
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Weak paraphrasing does not
alter the original author’s
writing sufficiently
Too many direct quotations
No citations to ideas of
others
Improper citations
Readers are unable to verify
facts or ideas presented in
your paper
Defining & Solving Plagiarism
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Using another’s words without acknowledgement
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Using another’s ideas without acknowledgement
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Solution: Thoroughly use in text citations to acknowledge work of others; If in doubt, cite!
“I forgot I read that idea in that article, so I didn’t cite it.”
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Solution: Thoroughly use in text citations to acknowledge work of others; If in doubt, cite!
Insufficiently acknowledging the contributions of another’s ideas to your
own research (i.e.-paraphrasing a paragraph but only citing a direct quote at
the end)
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Solution: Use quotation marks or paraphrase and cite the source with in text citation
Solution: Take good notes throughout the research process. A citation management tool
like Refworks helps you stay organized.
“I missed that reference when I went back through my first draft to add
citations.”
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Solution: Note sources throughout notes, outlines, and drafts.
Source: Fernandez, V. & Morro, J. (2011). How to write a college
paper: A guide from the Villanova Writing Center. Pages 13-18.
How to Paraphrase
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Be sure you understand the original text – you can’t
summarize something you don’t understand!
Take notes as you read, writing summaries of important
points for your paper.
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Some students find note cards to be a useful notetaking/summarizing tool
Set the original aside while you write your summary
A paraphrase does not contain ANY phrases given in the
original – completely your own words
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Should be your own voice, matching the rest of your paper
In Text Citations
One or Two Authors
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Shyles (2002) notes that
analog signals are
continuous.
Shyles’ 2002 study noted
that analog signals are
continuous.
Analog signals are
continuous (Shyles, 2002).
Severin and Tankard (2001)
claim…
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(Severin & Tankard, 2001)
APA Manual (p. 174-175)
Multiple Authors
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Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum
(1957) found…(first time cited)
Osgood et al. (1957)
found…(subsequent citations)
Osgood et al. found…
(subsequent citations within same
paragraph as above example)
For more than 6 authors, cite
only the first author followed
by et al. and the year.
In Text Citations
Organizational Author
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A study by the Federal
Communications
Commission (FCC, 2004)
states… (first citation)
The FCC (2004)
claims…(subsequent
citations)
No Author
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APA Manual (p.176 – 177)
Use first few words of the
reference (typically the title)
Double quotes around title of
article, chapter or webpage;
italicize title of periodical,
book, or report
This is an example
(“Newspaper Article,” 2005).
The book Examples (2007)
states…
http://ezproxy.villanova.edu/login?URL=http://www.refworks.com/refworks
What is a scholarly article?
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Scholarly articles have undergone a peer review process prior
to being published in a reputable journal.
According to the Encyclopedia of Evaluation, peer review is:
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Peer review refers generally to the evaluation of professional
performance or products by other professionals and, more
specifically, to a set of procedures for evaluating grant proposals and
manuscripts submitted for publication. For peer-reviewed journals,
content-matter specialists are asked to judge a manuscript, often
using specified criteria and blinded to the author's identity. The
journal editor considers reviewers' comments and decides whether
the paper should be published, rejected, or revised and resubmitted.
Similar procedures are used to review grant applications. Critiques of
the peer review process focus on the low reliability of reviewers'
recommendations, but the goal of peer review is to make good and
defensible judgments rather than to have high reliability. Peer review
is an example of an expertise-oriented approach to evaluation.
Parts of a Scholarly Article
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Author name and affiliation
Abstract
Introduction & literature review
Method
Procedure
Results
Discussion
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Limitations
Future Considerations
References
 Example Citation:
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the article. Title of
the Journal, Volume#, begin page – end page. doi: 1053/456145643
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What is a database?
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From the Encyclopedia of Health Care Management
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A database is an organized collection of data that can be manipulated to produce
information specific to a user's needs. Conceptually, a database is an electronic filing system
with an indexing structure linking to specific data elements. …The basic element of a
database is a field, or variable. Each field in a database is specified as a fixed (maximum)
number of characters, each equivalent to a byte of data. The data elements may be text,
such as a patient name, or numeric, such as a birth date…A group of related fields is called
a record.
Fields
Contact Kristyna
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[email protected]
610-519-5391
Chat: If you see my chat box on a communication guide,
then I’m online.
Stop by: My office is straight back from the front door of
the library.
Make an appointment.
Questions are welcome at any stage of the research
process.