Transcript What Are the Different Types of Communication Systems?

University of Pitesti
Dolnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki
w Polkowicach
Communication Systems
Simedre Mirel-Adrian
Dr inż. ZDZISŁAW PÓLKOWSKI
Polkowice, 2015
Definition of communication system
• Communication systems are the various processes, both formal and
informal, by which information is passed between the managers and
employees within a business, or between the business itself and
outsiders. Communication whether written, verbal, nonverbal, visual,
or electronic has a significant impact on the way business is
conducted. The basic process of communication begins when a fact
or idea is observed by one person. That person (the sender) may
decide to translate the observation into a message, and then
transmit the message through some communication medium to
another person (the receiver). The receiver then must interpret the
message and provide feedback to the sender indicating that the
message has been understood and appropriate action taken.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
Characteristics of communication systems
A communication system has 5 main components. All of which function
together to create a helpful and create an operational system that properly
communicates.
A Data Source: This where the data is originally made or sent from. An
example of this could be a networked computer.
The Data Source then sends the data to the Transmitter: This is where the
data is encoded into a form useful for the transmission medium to send.
The Transmitter sends the data along the Transmission Medium to
a Receiver: There the data will be decoded from the form that it was sent
in. This will enable the Destination to read the data in the correct format.
The Destination: This is where the data finally completes it's trip and
arrives. The destination is simply the place where the data was directed to
at the start of the Communication System.
http://www.boredofstudies.org/wiki/Characteristics_of_communication_systems
What Are the Different Types of
Communication Systems?
• There are a great many different types of communication systems,
due to the fact that each one has the potential to contain a vast
array of components. There are, however, several categories that
each type of system can usually be placed into. The types of
communications systems are usually discernible by the primary
medium through which the information is transmitted.
Communication systems may also be classified as one-way, twoway, or multiple-way systems, depending on how many parties can
exchange information through its various components.
• One example is a radio communication system. The medium
through which information is transmitted iselectromagnetic waves,
and more specifically those with frequencies that are lower than the
frequency of visible light. On one end of these radio systems is a
transmitter that will take the information and electronically convert it
into radio waves.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-communication-systems.htm
• These radio waves travel to the other end of the radio
communication system, which is designed to detect and decode the
waves and convert them to recognizable information. A simple twoway radio system may comprise of two handheld transceivers, for
example, which are more commonly referred to as walkie-talkies.
• Power line communication systems are used to transmit
electronically from a source or array of sources to their destinations.
A type of electronic system that often is referred to is cable
television, widely known for its transmission of a plethora of
channels throughout homes in addition to their use for
providing Internet access. Power line communication systems are
often used because of their relatively low cost, even though there
are other systems that surpass them in quality and efficiency. Optical
communication systems offer many improvements over other types,
and have also been responsible for revolutionizing the
telecommunications industry. The main reason for this is because
the medium used in optical systems is light, which allows for them to
be faster, clearer, and more reliable than electrical or radio signals.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-communication-systems.htm
• These reliable signals are usually carried throughoptical fiber
although an optical signal can be sent over relatively short distances
through the air, usually only over a couple of miles.
• As mentioned, communication systems are far from simple and can
contain a wide range of components to uphold continuous operation.
In addition to the above systems, communications networks may
utilize Internet, cellular, wireless, satellite technologies and more.
Those systems which take advantage of two or more media are
referred to as hybrid communication networks. Much research is
being devoted to finding better ways of developing communications
systems through countless combinations of all of these
communications technologies.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-communication-systems.htm
HISTORY OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS
• In the early years of corporate America, business managers
operated on a strict basis of top-down communications. Whatever
the boss or owner of the company said was the law. In most cases,
strategies for doing everything from selling product to dealing with
employees would be discussed behind closed doors. Once those
decisions were made by managers, lower-level employees were
expected to put them into effect. Employees had little input; they did
as they were told or found work elsewhere. Such management
attitudes, particularly when they applied to worker safety issues in
such places as coal and steel mines, led to the growth of labor
unions. If nothing else, unions had the power in many cases to slow
or shut down production until management listened to the demands
of the workers.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
COMMUNICATION MEDIA
There are two main media used for communication: written and oral.
Nonverbal communications are also an element of communication systems.
Each of these types of communication is described below.
• Written Communication
•
Written communication is the most common form of business
communication and ever more so in the information age and spread of
electronic communications tools. It is essential for small business owners
and managers to develop effective written communication skills and to
encourage the same in all of its employees. The information age has
altered the ways in which we communicate and placed an increasing
emphasis on written versus oral communications. The most basic
principles of written communication are similar to those for overall
communication. Experts within the growing industry of remedial writing
agree that there are five minimal requirements for good writing. They are:
 Know your audience,Keep sentences short and simple,Avoid jargon and
cliches,Distinguish between facts and opinions,Always double-check
spelling, grammar, and punctuation
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
• Oral Communication
Small business owners and managers are frequently called upon to
make presentations, conduct interviews, or lead meetings, so oral
communication skills are another important area for development.
Presentations might be made to employees for training purposes, or to
potential customers for sales purposes. In either case, good
presentation techniques can generate interest and create confidence.
Interviewing skills might be needed for hiring new employees,
conducting performance appraisals, or doing market research.
Meetings or conferences can be important tools for relating to
employees or to interested parties outside of the organization in order
to solve problems or set goals.
• Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication—such as facial expressions, gestures,
posture, and tone of voice—can aid in the successful interpretation of a
message. "Sometimes nonverbal messages contradict the verbal; often
they express true feelings more accurately than the spoken or written
language," Murphy and Hildebrandt noted. In fact, studies have shown
that between 60 and 90 percent of a message's effect may come from
nonverbal clues.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
• Advances in technology over the last 20 years have dramatically
changed the way in which business communications take place. In
fact, in many ways communication technologies have changed the
way in which business is done. The expanded use of electronic mail
and of the Internet generally have enabled businesses to more
easily move work from one location to another, establish remote
and/or mobile offices, even to create virtual offices. New
communication technology has also speeded up the turn-around
time for decision making and blurred the line between work hours
and personal hours. All of these developments challenge companies
to adapt to a faster business environment. This is both an
opportunity for companies to become more productive and efficient
and a test of their adaptability.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
INFORMAL COMMUNICATIONS
• Informal methods of communication, such as rumors and "the
company grapevine," can be outside of management's control. The
grapevine is a bottom-up form of communication in which
employees try to understand what is happening around them when
there is no official word from management. When management is
silent, employees fill the void with guesses about what is happening.
Although there is no way the grapevine can be stopped, it can be
influenced. When dealing with questions that cannot, or should not,
be answered, managers should take the initiative before negative
rumors get started. If it is obvious to employees that the company
will soon undergo major changes, for example, management should
confirm that it will. Employees should be informed that management
recognizes they have legitimate concerns, which will be addressed
when possible. If official talk would damage the company, that
should be made clear to the employees.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD
COMMUNICATION
• All forms of communication, even the lack of it, can have a
significant impact on business dealings. A stiffly-worded, officialsounding memo to employees telling them not to talk to the press
about impending litigation could be interpreted as admitting that the
company did something wrong. Management's repeated "no
comments" to employees and the press on a rumored merger may
launch dozens of informal discussions about company suitors, how
much the company will sell for, and how many employees will be
laid off.
• In order to avoid the negative effects of such scenarios, small
business owners should make it a practice to communicate as much
and as openly as possible. They should think twice before
eliminating the company newsletter as a cost-saving measure, keep
electronic bulletin boards up-to-date, and hold meetings in which
employees can ask questions of management.
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/communication-systems.html
Communication System to Transmit & Receive
• Transmission of information from a source to a destination can be
performed in many ways by the use of electrical signals and electricelectronic circuits. To design a communication system is primordial
to define some parameters, such as, the physical medium in which
the signal will be transmitted, the way in what the signal would be
generated and the nature of signal, it means if the signal will be
analogical or digital. In this work, a communication system was
designed, built up and debugged to transmit and receive two kinds
of signals by the use of an unique transmit medium in a
simultaneously way. One of these signals is an analogical NTSC
video signal and the other is a digital data signal from a PC
application. The purpose of this system is to transmit, in a safe and
efficient way, coded information from a PC to another by the
combination of signals with the Time Division Multiplexing technique
(TDM), using a coaxial cable as the physical medium of
transmission.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4470525&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4470525
Examples of communication systems
Teleconferencing is an alternative to a face to face meeting
– how audio data is transmitted and received
– how video data is transmitted and received
– advantages such as the reduction in costs
– disadvantages such as the removal of inter-personal relationships
– examples of teleconferencing, such as: business use,distance education
Messaging systems
•traditional systems:
•phone
•fax
•voice mail:
•how it operates
•electronic mail:
•characteristics:
•sender details
•receiver details
•a subject
•a message
•current trend of web based mail
http://www.grcoatley.mcc.education.nsw.gov.au/ipt_website/08_communications/communication_systems.htm
Other information processes in communication
systems
• COLLECTING
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collecting data for a communication system involves generating the
data to be transmitted. Collecting data involves a range of collection
devices to gather different types of data. The choice of device
depends on the application and the type of data to be transmitted.
Some devices include:
ATM terminals for electronic banking
EFTPOS terminals for a retail store
telephones for voice mail
keyboards for email
video cameras for a surveillance system.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/HSC_Information_Processing_and_Technology/Communications#Other_Information_Processes
• Proccesing
We examine and compare the different types of linear transmit
processing for multiple input, multiple output systems, where we
assume that the receive filter is independent of the transmit filter
contrary to the joint optimization of transmit and receive filters. We can
identify three filter types similar to receive processing: the transmit
matched filter, the transmit zero-forcing filter, and the transmit Wiener
filter. We show that the transmit filters are based on similar
optimizations as the respective receive filters with an additional
constraint for the transmit power. Moreover, the transmit Wiener filter
has similar convergence properties as the receive Wiener filter, i.e., it
converges to the matched filter and the zero-forcing filter for low and
high signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. We give closed-form solutions
for all transmit filters and present the fundamental result that their
mean-square errors are equal to the errors of the respective receive
filters, if the information symbols and the additive noise are
uncorrelated.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1468466&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org
%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D1468466
• Data Conversing
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE describes the software
relationships between the client (user) and the server. A client sends a
request to the server according to an agreed protocol and the server
responds. It provides a convenient way to interconnect programs that
are distributed across different locations in a network. Most business
applications and the Internet use client-server architecture. The Web
browser is a client program that requests services from a Web server to
complete the request.
• Displaying
Electronic display system capable of displaying communication signal
strength on individual electronic display modules and method of using
the same. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, a
pseudo-price change command is transmitted by a base
communication station to an individual electronic display module and
the strength of the acknowledgment signal returned by the individual
electronic display module is observed and temporarily recorded. The
base communication station then transmits a command to change the
electronic display on that particular electronic display module to display
the value of the received communication signal strength.
http://www.google.tl/patents/US5604923
Issues related to communication systems.
• When communicating electronically such factors remain largely
unknown. In cyberspace relationships can be built on common
interests and needs. Information and knowledge is shared between
people who may never physically meet. People who would not (or
could not) normally communicate face-to-face can freely express
and share their ideas and knowledge online. These people are free
to converse without prejudice. However all is not perfect, this
freedom can easily be abused by the unscrupulous. Electronic
communication systems, and in particular the Internet, allow
information to be shared quickly and relatively anonymously.
• Unscrupulous persons are able to masquerade as trusted others in
order to fraudulently obtain personal information such as credit card
or banking details. Most people presume their email messages to be
private; in reality network administrators and others with suitable
access rights are able to view and monitor emails.
http://msciptcommunications.weebly.com/issues-related-to-communication-systems.html