Transcript Document

Strategic Planning and Organizational
Development for Health Care (HS 450)
Week 2-Workplace Communication and Content Theories
of Motivation
Arturo E. Rodriguez, PhD(c), MPH
[email protected]
Unit 2 discussion board review
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How will the shifts in ethnic diversity shape the future of healthcare
management?
 Talk about some of the biggest shifts currently in the US
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Hispanic
Asian
Healthcare managers need to be culturally sensitive
Healthcare industry should mirror the population that it serves
Unit 2 discussion board review

Which subculture do you think will be affected the most by the changes
taking place in the healthcare industry?
 The question asks about subcultures…not demographics
 Choose a subculture and state why you think they would be affected by
the changes
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Hispanic
Asian
Black
Non-Hispanic Whites
Non-Hispanic Whites may also experience negative effects, as they may simply not wish to
visit a provider that is not white….for the very same reason that Hispanics like to visit
Hispanic doctors, Asians to Asian doctors, etc.
Unit 2 discussion board review

How can healthcare professionals benefit from understanding the tricomponent model of attitudes?
 Define or illustrate the tri-component model
 State how they would benefit
 This was an opinion piece…so as long as it made some sense, you got
credit!
Communication
Exchange of thoughts, ideas, and basically any
type of information
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Signals
Electronic
Symbols (writing)
Body language
Feedback
Any information that individuals receive about
their behavior.
 Different forms of feedback
Descriptive
 Evaluative
 Prescriptive
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Different levels of feedback
Group
 Relational
 Individual
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Communication Channels
Verbal
Nonverbal
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Communication Channels
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Barriers to Communication
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Environmental Barriers are characteristic of the
organization and its environmental setting.
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Personal Barriers arise from the nature of
individuals and their interaction with others.
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Overcoming Communication Barriers
1.
2.
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4.
5.
Attention is given to messages and adequate time is
devoted to listening.
Management philosophy encouraging the free flow of
communication.
Reducing the number of “links” between sender and
receiver.
Tailoring words and symbols so messages are
understandable.
Using multiple channels to reinforce complex
messages.
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Strategic Communication
Strategic communication is an intentional
process of presenting ideas in a clear, concise
and persuasive way.
Outcome
 Context
 Messages
 Tactical reinforcement
 Feedback
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Flows of Intraorganizational
Communication
 Upward
 Downward
 Horizontal
 Diagonal
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Informal Communication
The corporate grapevine is an unstructured and
informal network founded on social
relationships rather than organizational charts or
job descriptions.
Single strand
 Gossip
 Probability
 Cluster
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Cross-Cultural Communication
Communication difficulties arise from
differences in cultural values, languages, and
points of view.
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What is Motivation?
Motivation is the psychological process through
which unsatisfied needs or wants lead to drives
that are aimed at goals or incentives.
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Content vs. Process Theories
of Motivation
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Content theories of motivation explain the
specific factors that motivate people and
answers the question “what drives behavior?”
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Process theories of motivation helps explain
how an individual’s behavior is energized,
directed, sustained, and stopped.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Criticisms of
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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Lack of evidence that workers have a single
dominant need.
Lack of evidence that a need diminishes in
strength when gratified.
Difficulty explaining individuals who neglect
their lower level needs in pursuit of higher level
needs (i.e., starving artist).
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Alderfer’s ERG Theory
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Existence refers to an individual’s concern with basic
material and physiological existence requirements.
Relatedness refers to the need for developing and
sustaining interpersonal relationships.
Growth refers to an individual’s intrinsic need to be
creative and to make useful and productive
contributions, including personal development with
opportunities for personal growth.
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Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
People have two sets of needs:
1.
2.
Avoidance of unpleasantness, and
Personal growth.
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Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
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Herzberg and Job Design
Herzberg promoted the concept that if the work
one does is significant, it will ultimately lead to
satisfaction with the work itself.
Employees will be motivated to do work that they
perceive to be significant!
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McClelland’s 3-Needs Theory
Three types of motivational needs:
Achievement
(n-Ach)
Power (n-Pow)
Affiliation (n-Aff)
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