Transcript Slayt 1
COMMUNICATION ECEM ÇAMLIYER GÜNSU GÖKHAN HASLET GEMİCİ METE GÜMÜŞTEKİN COMMUNICATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE Ecem ÇAMLIYER Communication Two conversations at the same time. One talks about this. The other about that. And to make it worse the one who says this hears only about this, the other only about that. Thus, they learn about what they already know. One gains more of this. The other more of that. Two conversations without communication. Just a reiteration of this and a repetition of that. by Steve Kaye What is communication? the process of transferring messages between parties … Why is communication important? We need communication to be able to solve any kind of problems… Communication accidents are like traffic accidents, Interrupting No driver other = the speech!!! than me!!! 5 Basic Communication Assumptions 1. It is impossible not to communicate for people who perceived each other in the same social setting. 2. Every communication activity has two tiers: Content Tier Relationship Tier Informal Ex: friend Do you want a cup of coffee? Formal Ex: customer Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 3. The syntax in the message transferring process, forms the meaning •Does a teacher teach in order to make money? or •Does a teacher make money because she teachs? 4. There are two types of messages: Mental Emotional 5. The communication always occurs between “equals” or “nonequals.” Communication Process COMMUNICATION BARRIERS A. Günsu Gökhan Communication Barriers • • • • • • • • Filtering Selective perception Information overload Language and culture Emotions Gender Interruptions Prejudgements and prejudice Selective perception Information overload!!! Prejudice Gender WOMEN SAY: MEN SAY: “I think you are wrong at that point” “Have you looked at the marketing department’s research report on that point?” Overcoming the communication barriers • • • • • • Use feedback Simplify language Listen actively Constrain emotions Watch nonverbal cues Use new techniques like NLP What is NLP? Representation Systems (temsil sitemleri) Visual(Görsel) • Eyes are defocused, or up to the right or left • Generally rapid speech, high, clear voice tone. • Uses words related to visualization while talking • High, shallow breathing in the top part of the chest • More tension in the body, often thinner (ectomorphic) body type. Auditory(İşitsel) • Eyes move in the midline. • Melodious tone, resonant, at a medium pace. Often has an underlying rhythm • Uses words related to auditory frequently while talking • Breathing in the middle part of the chest cavity. • Often medium (mesomorphic) body type. There may be rhythmic movements of the body as if listening to music. Head may be tilted to the side in thought in the “telephone position” Kinesthetic(Dokunsal) • Eyes move below the midline usually to the right. • Low and deeper tonality, often slow and soft, with many pauses • Uses words related to feelings frequently while talking • Deeper breathing from the abdomen • Rounded shoulders, head down, relaxed muscle tone, may gesture to abdomen and midline. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION Haslet GEMİCİ INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Goals of the interpersonal relationships •To settle the claims •To efface the requirements •To know ourselves and the others •To create identity •To define the relation, predict and control •To prevent and solve the conflicts •To gain social knowledge Johari Window and Interpersonal Communication S tyles Johari Window and Interpersonal C o m m u n i c a t i o n S t y l e s Less FEEDBACK More Less Known Unknown EXPOSURE Known ARENA Unknown More FACADE BLINDSPOT UNKNOWN Arena Arena is the common understanding. The larger it becomes, the more effective communication will be. Blindspot This constitutes a handicap for the self, since one can hardly understand the behaviours, decisions, and potentials of others. Facade Facade diminishes the arena and reduces the possibility of effective communication. Unknown This region constitutes that portion of the relationship where relevant information is not known by the self or by other parties. In such conditions it is expected that the communication will be poor. Exposure Increasing the arena by reducing the facade area The individual is open and honest in sharing information with others. Feedback Reducing the blindspot with a corresponding increase in the arena. Feedback is depend on the individual’s willingness to “hear” and on the willingness of the others to give it. Individual is less able to the control the provision of feedback than the provision of exposure. The barriers on the written communication Not using the intonation of the sender… The situation of the sender or receiver … Why to write? •Archive value of the written documents •Entire message can be sent •Official •Time saving •Drafts can be used How to be effective in written communication? •Write in plain language •Abstain from creating gender prejudices •Broaden the vocabulary •Writing with direct statements • Take care of the grammar rules ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION Mete Gümüştekin Formal and Informal Communication • Formal Communication • Informal Communication – Social interaction – More rapid and efficient Organizational Communication Channels Comparison of Communication Channels Feedback potential Encoding ease Decoding ease Personal warmth Formality Cost Face to face 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 Telephone 1 1 1 2 4 3 3 Formal presentations 4 3 2 3 3 1 1 E-mail 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 Computer conference 1 3 2 3 3 2 3 Voice mail 2 2 1 2 4 3 5 Postal mail 5 4 3 4 1 3 5 Fax 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 Criteria Channel with 1 being high to 5 being low Time space constraint CEO Finance Manager Accounting Department Marketing Contracts Public Relations Department Department Sales Department Human Resources Training Department Compensation Department Operations & Production Planning Department Research and development Development Communication Flows • Downward – To inform, manage, coordinate and control employees – To give them job descriptions – To explain important points to pay attention • Upward – To prepare reports for managers – To help managers guess the way employees feel about the ‘culture’ – To generate new ideas and let managers know • Lateral – To save time and ease the coordination • Diagonal – To increase efficieny Organizational Networks Chain Wheel All Channel Cont. • Grapevine – Informs managers as to which topics employees (don’t) hesitate to talk – Filtering and feedback Improving Communications in Organizations • Clarify the message • Improve abilities to understand others – Learn the ways to improve communication Communication as a Managerial Art • • • • • • Gather detailed information Be sure information is true and accurate Let information be clear and unterstood Process feedback Respect personality Don’t miss any layer Communication in Group Phases Conceptual Task Adjourning Socioemotional High performance Content of commn Low performance Formal Reflecting Informal Storming Mngmnt of commn Forming Types of Communication Featuring in Developmental Phases Management Communication Examples • Informal management – “We seem to be getting semi-serious about this. Maybe one tentative and fairly easy way to proceed is to appoint Rex and Kate the leaders.” • Formal management – “We submit the following copyright policy, worded by the Copyright Committee, for consideration and ratification by the entire group…” Content Communication Examples • Socioemotional content – “A pity we didn’t have the sanity of [their] comments a couple of months ago. It would have made it easier to understand (and deal with?) some of the heat generated. Oh well, hindsight’s a great thing…” • Conceptual content – “I propose trying to look at nature of threads in the discussions… I think we can come up with a fairly reliable set of measures and codebook for some of these.” • Task content – “I humbly submit a codebook proposal… We should look the codebook over, react to it if necessary, and commence pretesting the codebook in a week or so…”