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Database Applications:
Using ColdFusion
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information Management
and Systems
SIMS 257: Database Management
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 1
Lecture Outline
• Review
– Databases for Web Applications – Overview
• ColdFusion
• DiveShop in ColdFusion
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 2
Why Use a Database System?
• Database systems have concentrated on
providing solutions for all of these issues
for scaling up Web applications
– Performance
– Scalability
– Maintenance
– Data Integrity
– Transaction support
• While systems differ in their support, most
offer some support for all of these.
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 3
Dynamic Web Applications 2
Web
Server
Internet
Files
CGI
DBMS
Server
database
database
database
Clients
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 4
Server Interfaces
SQL
HTML
DHTML
Web Server
JavaScript
Native
DB
Interfaces
Database
Web DB
CGI
App ODBC
Web Server
API’s
ColdFusion
Native DB
interfaces
JDBC
PhP Perl
Web Application
Server
Adapted from
John P Ashenfelter,
Choosing a Database for Your Web Site
IS 257 - Fall 2002
Java
ASP
2002.10.22- SLIDE 5
Web Application Server Software
•
•
•
•
ColdFusion
PHP
ASP
All of the are server-side scripting
languages that embed code in HTML
pages
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 6
ColdFusion
• Developing WWW sites typically involved
a lot of programming to build dynamic
sites
– e.g. Pages generated as a result of catalog
searches, etc.
• ColdFusion was designed to permit the
construction of dynamic web sites with
only minor extensions to HTML through a
DBMS interface
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 7
ColdFusion
• Started as CGI
– Drawback, as noted above, is that the entire
system is run for each cgi invocation
• Split into cooperating components
– NT service -- runs constantly
– Server modules for 4 main Web Server API
(glue that binds web server to ColdFusion
service) {Apache, ISAPI, NSAPI, WSAPI}
– Special CGI scripts for other servers
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 8
What ColdFusion is Good for
• Putting up databases onto the Web
• Handling dynamic databases (Frequent
updates, etc)
• Making databases searchable and
updateable by users.
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 9
Requirements
• Unix or NT systems
• Install as SuperUser
• Databases must be defined via “data
source names (DSNs) by administrator
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 10
Requirements and Set Up
• Field names should be devoid of spaces. Use
the underscore character, like new_items
instead of "new items."
• Use key fields. Greatly reduces search time.
• Check permissions on the individual tables in
your database and make sure that they have
read-access for the username your Web server
uses to log in.
• If your fields include large blocks of text, you'll
want to include basic HTML coding within the
text itself, including boldface, italics, and
paragraph markers.
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 11
Templates
• Assume we have a database named
contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single
table called contents...
• Create an HTML page (uses extension .cfm),
before <HEAD>...
• <CFQUERY NAME= ”cart"
DATASOURCE=“contents_of_my_shopping_car
t"> SELECT * FROM contents ;
</CFQUERY>
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 12
Templates cont.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Contents of My Shopping Cart</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Contents of My Shopping Cart</H1>
<CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart">
<B>#Item#</B> <BR>
#Date_of_item# <BR>
$#Price# <P>
</CFOUTPUT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 13
Templates cont.
Contents of My Shopping Cart
Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings
12 December 1998
$0.25
Shiny Blue Widget
14 December 1998
$2.53
Large Orange Widget
14 December 1998
$3.75
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 14
CFIF and CFELSE
<CFOUTPUT QUERY= ”cart">
Item: #Item# <BR>
<CFIF #Picture# EQ"">
<IMG SRC=“generic_picture.jpg"> <BR>
<CFELSE>
<IMG SRC="#Picture#"> <BR>
</CFIF>
</CFOUTPUT>
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 15
More Templates
<CFQUERY DATASOURCE = “AZ2”>
INSERT INTO Employees(firstname, lastname,
phoneext) VALUES(‘#firstname#’, ‘#lastname#’,
‘#phoneext#’) </CFQUERY>
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Employee Added</TITLE>
<BODY><H1>Employee Added</H1>
<CFOUTPUT>
Employee <B>#firstname# #lastname#</B> added.
</CFOUTPUT></BODY>
</HTML>
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 16
CFML ColdFusion Markup Language
• Read data from and update data to databases
and tables
• Create dynamic data-driven pages
• Perform conditional processing
• Populate forms with live data
• Process form submissions
• Generate and retrieve email messages
• Perform HTTP and FTP function
• Perform credit card verification and authorization
• Read and write client-side cookies
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 17
PHP
• PHP is an Open Source Software project
with many programmers working on the
code.
– Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS
project
– Free
– Both Windows and Unix support
• Estimated that more than 250,000 web
sites use PHP as an Apache Module.
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 18
PHP Syntax
• Similar to ASP
<HTML><BODY>
<?php
$myvar = “Hello World”;
echo $myvar ;
?>
</BODY></HTML>
• Includes most programming structures (Loops,
functions, Arrays, etc.)
• Loads HTML form variables so that they are
addressable by name
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 19
Combined with MySQL
• DBMS interface appears as a set of
functions:
<HTML><BODY>
<?php
$db = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”);
mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db);
$result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”, $db);
Printf(“First Name: %s <br>\n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “first”);
Printf(“Last Name: %s <br>\n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “last”);
?></BODY></HTML>
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 20
ASP – Active Server Pages
• Another server-side scripting language
• From Microsoft using Visual Basic as the
Language model (VBScript), though
Javascript (actually MS Jscript) is also
supported
• Works with Microsoft IIS and gives access
to ODBC databases
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 21
ASP Syntax
<%
SQL="SELECT last, first FROM employees
ORDER BY last"
set conn = server.createobject("ADODB.Connection")
conn.open “employee"
set people=conn.execute(SQL)
%>
<% do while not people.eof
set resultline=people(0) & “, “ & people(1) & “<BR>”
Response.Write(resultline)
people.movenext
loop%>
<% people.close %>
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 22
Text Search
• Native text searching within databases is very
poor.
– Involves a full scan of the database to resolve “LIKE”
queries.
– Text fields are limited in size
• For example Oracle VARCHAR has a maximum of 4000
bytes
• LONG (BLOBS, etc) fields support larger data, but are not
indexable and can’t be used in WHERE clauses.
• Some Databases offer Text retrieval add-ons
– Oracle’s interMedia or ConText Text retrieval engines
– Informix Text DataBlade
– IBM DB2 Text Extender
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 23
Text Search Options
Search Engines
Manufacturer
Price
Platform
Altavista Search Intranet
Cheshire II, Cha-Cha
Dig
Fulcrum Knowledge Net
Index Server (MS)
InfoMagnet
Netscape Compass
PLWeb Turbo
RetrievalWare
Verity Information Server
Ultraseek server
Webinator
WebGlimpse
Altavista
UC Berkeley
Open Source
Fulcrum
Microsoft
CompassWare
Netscape
Personal Library Softw.
Excalibur
Verity
Infoseek
Thunderstone
Univ of Tucson
$16,000
Free or ?
Free
$5,000
Free
$5000+100
$1,295
$7-10000
$12,500
$5,000
$1,000
Free or $700
Free or $200
Unix, NT
Unix
Unix
Unix, NT
NT
NT
Unix, NT
Unix, NT
Unix, NT
Unix, NT
Solaris
Unix, NT
Unix, NT
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 24
Features to look for
•
•
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•
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Ranked and Boolean Search
Proximity search
Fielded searching
Concept expansion
Spider for Indexing
Document types available
– HTML, PDF, XML, MS-Office, Multimedia?
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 25
Other Options
• Have an external search engine crawl and
present your site.
– Inktomi provides portal sites for customers
– Snap uses Inktomi to do the same sort of
thing
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 26
Conclusions
• Database technology is a required
component for large-scale dynamic Web
sites, especially E-Commerce sites
• Web databases cover most of the needs
of dynamic sites except for text search
• Many solutions and systems are available
for web-enabled databases and search
engines
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 27
ColdFusion Diveshop
• Examples from Fusion
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 28
Next Time
• More on SQL, including introduction to
ORACLE
– ORACLE Account information
– ORACLE Documentation
IS 257 - Fall 2002
2002.10.22- SLIDE 29