Transcript Perception
Chapter 2
PERCEPTION
AND
COMMUNICATION
TOPICS
The process of human perception
Influences on perception
Social media and perception
Guidelines for improving perception and
communication
AFTER
STUDYING
Recognize how perception is made up of means of
selecting, organizing, and interpreting the world
to create meaning.
Identify factors that affect individuals’
perceptions.
List examples of the reciprocal relationship
between your perceptions and social media.
focuses on meaning, which is the heart of
communication
we need to understand the reciprocal relationship
between perception and communication.
as we will see, perception shapes the meaning we
assign to others’ communication and how we ourselves
communicate.
At the same time, communication influences how we
perceive people and situations.
THE PROCESS OF HUMAN PERCEPTION
Perception:
the active process of creating
meaning by selecting, organizing, and
interpreting people, objects, events,
situations and other phenomena
Note that perception is defined as an
active process. We do not passively receive
what is “out there” in the external world.
Instead, we actively work to make sense of
ourselves, others, and interactions.
we select only certain
things to notice,
we organize
interpret what we
have selectively
noticed.
SELECTION
We select to attend to certain stimuli based on a
number of factors:
The qualities of the phenomena
Self-indication
Our motives and needs
Culture
ORGANIZATION
Constructivism – we organize and interpret
experience by applying cognitive structures called
schemata
Prototype
Personal construct
Stereotype
Script
INTERPRETATION
The subjective process of explaining our
perceptions in ways that make sense to us
Attributions
Locus
Stability
Specificity
Responsibility
INTERPRETATION CONTINUED
Attributional Errors
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error
INFLUENCES ON PERCEPTION
Physiology
Age
Expectations
Culture
Social location
Roles
INFLUENCES ON PERCEPTION CONTINUED
Cognitive abilities
Cognitive complexity
Person-centeredness
Self
IMPLICIT PERSONALITY THEORY
A collection of unspoken and sometimes
unconscious assumptions about how various
qualities fit together in human personalities
GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING
PERCEPTION
AND COMMUNICATION
Recognize that all perceptions are partial and subjective
Avoid mind reading
Check perceptions with others
Distinguish between facts and inferences
Guard against the self-serving bias
Guard against the fundamental attribution error
Monitor labels
THE LADDER OF ABSTRACTION