Transcript PPT

Introduction to Field Informatics Chapter 9
Outreach Communication
Reiko Hishiyama
Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.
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Contents
• Approach
• Participatory method for outreach communication
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Background
Methodology
Designing the experimental environment
Examples
• Outreach as a role of experimentation in building the
future
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What does the word “Field” bring to your mind?
Many people associate “Field” with the natural environment, or
the outdoors as one of the academic research environment.
We will stand back and contemplate the big picture
and try to expand the concept of “Field” !
Start looking at society including the natural environment in the
wider context…
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Do you get a real sense of global warming?
We still don’t know how such extraordinary weather relates to
global warming…
however, the weather become similar to tropical weather…
This squall is similar to those
experienced in the tropics !!
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problems in environment / social or economic / human or life systems
--- The issues are complex and require pluralistic or multifactorial analysis --Climate change
Natural disaster
Ecosystem, biodiversity
The effects are just starting to be visible,
but … what is actually changing…
Air pollution
Waste products
Resources, water, energy
Industrial structure/
technique
The threat to the planet’s
biodiversity is real …
Urban
problem
H1N1 flu virus spreads rapidly
throughout the world…. …
Infection, health and safety
Regional/local issues
Health care
Economic disparity,
Privacy
poverty
Human rights and fundamental freedoms,
discrimination
Employment
Law/ Ethics
opportunities
Education/ training
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Requirement of the different types of approach
to address these issues…
Scientific technology
approach
Approach by applying the
normative function or
ethics or rules
• We have made all kind of efforts to deal with the situation.
Many of the efforts are made via the scientific approach or
the normative approach.
• These are helpful to find a solution to specific problems.
These issues are complex and
require pluralistic or multifactorial analysis.
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Case study: Mad cow disease
(BSE：Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
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BSE is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in
cattle. The first cow to fall ill with BSE occurred
in 1984 in Britain.
After a long incubation period, about 4 years,
progresses to death over 2 weeks – 6 months.
•
Its cause is yet to be identified.
The infectious agent in BSE is believed to be a
specific type of misfolded protein called a prion.
•
The meat and bone meal causes the infectious
agent to spread?
•
The origin of the disease itself remains unknown.
It is believed by most scientists that the disease
may be transmitted to human beings who eat
the brain or spinal cord of infected meats.
Suspect the meal
as the cause of BSE
(as route of transmission)
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Case study : Mad cow disease
(BSE：Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
The case of communication gaps
between specialists who assess the scientific risks and citizens who recognize the risks.
Anything safe except
specified-risk material??
→Ban the sale of meat-and-bone meal
We cannot attempt to determine the extent of the impact…
Whether the young cows are safe or not is uncertain…
Under the age of
20 months
Blanket testing?
“Unable to recognize whether all of the cows are safe or not…”
→Government defers all decisions to local public administration.
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What should we do to achieve someone's
understanding of the issues ?
Scientific risk assessment
Increasing the participation of
diverse stakeholder in these issues
Specialists
raise awareness of risk
Citizens
structural understanding
of the issues
reflect the
difference of values
involved with the
problem-solving
Pay attention to consumers’ safe
supply of ecologically friendly products
Social / ethical decision-making
（genetically-modified
products, construction of a
nuclear power plant…）
Clarification of health risk
Obtaining of Informed consent
(what services will be provided and how
they will be conducted. )
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How they were recognized or
thinking about social systems
Impact of the image- building
that determines the cognitive
element
Sharing the structural elucidation
of the difference in interpretation
Cultural or social group
consciousness /
Social dilemma
Cognitive bias
(a person’s tendency to make error in
judgment based on cognitive factors)
Media’s
impact
Social values /
Personal values
Management method for the social communication
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Outreach for science communication
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Structural features of the problems
that should be dealt with by an outreach communication
from concentration to wide diversification (cross-boundary)
from short-term to long-term (accumulation for a long period)
From direction to indirection (multi-disciplinary character)
Spatial scale
（Local / Global）
Adaptive problem solving
（Technology, system, rule or
standard）
Interaction
（casual relationship,
interrelationship）
Single value judgment that specialists
focus on → Various endpoints
Time scale
（irreversibility,
non-selectivity）
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”Hand on the pointer” for Gaming Simulation
as an anecdotal experiment for outreach
This type of simulation places more emphasis on “process” and less on the “result”.
Difficulty in controlling the experiment
Difficulty in collecting the objective data
Difficulty in conducting the repeatability test
Field
Theory ・
Hypothesis
Combines
theory with
practice.
Pseudo Field
(Experimental Field)
It enables us to conduct
a repeatability test
Analysis
Collect data under
controlled experimental
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When we need to duplicated test in other labs,
it can be tested and details verified.
Relationships between “fields” and “experiments in the laboratory”
( Embedding experimental object as the drivers or as a trigger in the simulation )
Laboratory
Field
Pseudo Field
（Experimental Space）
・Flaming effect
・Risk assessment
・Social dilemma
・Element of uncertainty
・Difficulty of the validation
・Various local knowledge
・Changing in the condition
・Providing the expertise, criteria
・Having to take a preventable risks
・Sharing the scientific forecast with
the participant
・Figure out the local knowledge,
turns feedback to the future works
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Designing the outreach communication methods
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The framework of the outreach communication
Communication space
Interactive
communication models
Cooperation
Competition
Central theme of
the communication
Communication space
where the participants
stay and share the theme
Transmitting the structure of
the problems, interaction
(social dynamisms)
Several scenarios that can
be considered a variety of
alternatives
Inducing interaction
(promote discussion, offer alternative
proposals, explain the gaming rules… )
Communication
frameworks that can
produce new knowledge
under the general view.
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Design process of the communication tool
Real world
Conceptual
models
Develop
and embed
messages
Tool design
Design a
scenario or
computational
model
Facilitator
Inducing interaction
(promote discussion, offer alternative
proposals, explain the gaming rules… )
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Case study：”Eco-Experiment”
Global carbon cycle and global warming game
（CBSC: Computer Based Science Communication)
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“Eco Experiment”－Let’s save the earth from global warming
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Outreach activities on the Internet
Integrate the participatory gaming and the science cafe
Easy to understand and citizen-friendly
Share the scenario
previous knowledge
(lecture by a
specialist)
Discussion
between the
specialists and
participants
Traditional communication
process
Participatory gaming
Advice from specialist
Time passage
Science café
Providing the
minimum knowledge
for participation
Pseudo International
conference
Participatory gaming
Pseudo International
conference
Share the
experience, produce
the controversial
topics and
communication
Participatory gaming
Cool Down
(Debriefing and discussion)
Integration of the participatory
gaming and traditional science cafe
Interaction to
deepen exchange
(Cooperative
communication process)
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Progress of the participatory gaming
Orientation
（Sharing the
precondition and rules
as a briefing）
Pass out
Scenario
Asking the question
Science cafe
Debriefing
（Recommendation
from the professional or
class teacher)
Advice from the
professional
Gaming
（Online）
Discussion
（Offline）
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Implicational message and communication design
Implicational message
The structural features of the problems
－Problems move the progress from local to global.
－We need to analyze a dependent relationship between micro – macro
environmental structures from the view of the political policy and its response.
The scientific features of the problems
－There are only three types of energies on the Earth; energy from fossil fuel,
natural gas (methane), biomass.
－Greenhouse effect of the methane is more than 20 times that of CO2.
－Economic activities have an (negative) impact on the global carbon cycle-climate
feedback.
R1→R2→R3・・・
Greenhouse effect gas level
Country A :
Country B :
Country C :
environmental
administrator
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environmental
administrator
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Global warming on the pseudo Earth on the Internet
-changing in the characteristics of the environment over timegreenhouse gas levels
Change graph of global environment
150
100
CO2 levels
Establish goals for
reducing greenhouse gas
emissions for each
participating country
Regarding
CH4 levels
“Tetrahedral Eco-dice”
associate the simulated
society with real society.
economic goals
50
Index
Discussion leads to
a real effective change of
the simulation…
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-50
-100
Conference
-150
-200
Round
Conference
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Outreach communication
- a comprehensive, panoramic view of the outreach
communication as a future challenge-
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Outreach communication using participatory method as field studies
Experiment in Laboratory
Action research on Field
Study the Field
Contribute to Field
(to research and verify the theory)
( to encourage the people )
Focus on the
phenomena
Stay on the Field
Theory
Finding the
problems
Experiment on
the pseudo Field
Collecting data ,
Modeling,
Experiment
Analysis
Problem-solving
and feedback to
the field
The researcher want to know the field itself.
The researcher want to contribute to the field.
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Outreach Communication as Future Works
•
Potential as a studying method
Study on the overall structure of the multiple problems, mechanisms of the
interaction, verification of the social theory - contribution to the theory
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The possibilities as a communication tool –as a role of the future narration
Generating the virtual simulation space and real world
Cooperation and collaboration between professional and citizens
It helps to find cross-referenced tips…
– It sheds light on the importance of issues surrounding their daily life.
– Provides the opportunities and steps to handle these problems easily.
– Promotes the finding of the new knowledge, facilitates the problem-solving, it
acts as a catalyst in order to speed up the innovation.
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