Transcript How Deaf People Communicate

How Deaf People
Communicate
2 Schools of Thought
• MANUALISM
• ORALISM
Visual communication
systems
Deaf people should
communicate like
Hearing people
Accepts Deaf people as
visual communicators
Uses speech, lipreading,
and amplification
No signs, fingerspelling, or
gestures permitted
Non-language Communication
• FACIAL EXPRESSION
• GESTURES
Used with oralism
Not a language – but
can convey meaning
Is a critical part of
manualism
Part of grammatical rules
in ASL
Used in manualism
LIPREADING/ SPEECHREADING
• Which school of
thought?
Oralism
What is it?
Watch speakers face
to understand
language.
Follows English word
order and grammar
• PROBLEMS
30% of English visible on
the lips
People do not speak
clearly
Face must be well lighted
and fully visible
One must know English
CUED SPEECH
• Which school of
thought?
Oralism
What is it?
8 specific handshapes
and 6 postitions on the
face to help lipreading.
It follows English word
order
Problems with Cued Speech
Is an Oral system
Must Know English
Very Few Hearing or Deaf
People Know It
FINGERSPELLING
• Which school of
thought?
Manualism
What is it?
22 handshapes +
2 movements =
the alphabet
• Problems?
Must be able to spell
Rochester Method
• What is it?
• Uses speech and amplification and
fingerspelling to help with lipreading
• Uses English language structure
• Which school of thought?
Oralism but uses visual clues
Problems?
Requires intense concentration
Must be able to spell and use English
AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE
• Which school of
• Problems
thought?
Not everyone knows it
Manualism
Must accept Deaf people
What is it?
as Deaf
A separate language- It is not English-the
completely visual
dominant language
Has own grammar and
rules
Used by most culturally
Deaf people
Not iconic
Deaf people-created
SIGNED ENGLISH
• Which School of
Thought?
• Manualism
• What is It?
• A system of signs to
show “English on the
hands”
• Follows English
Language structure
with all endings
• Problems
Few people use it well
Makes changes to ASL
which many Deaf
people do not like
ARE SIGNS THE SAME
EVERYWHERE ???
“A”
• No
• Each country has
own sign language
“B”
• There are also
“regional signs”
What is an Interpreter?
• A person who
knows 2 languages
and has skills to
assist people who
only know 1
language.
• Problems
• 3rd person in
conversation
• How to find?
• Cost
• May not be
available in an
emergency
Technology Used to Communicate
(just 2 – you will learn much more!)
• TTY (TDD)
• CLOSED CAPTIONS
•
•
•
•
Problems with TTD?
Special equipment
Must read English
Be able to type
Writing- using paper and pencil to
communicate
• Problems
• Slow
• Who carries these all
the time?
• Requires strong
English background
Total Communication
• A PHILOSOPHY that allows Deaf people
to communicate using ANY method that is
comfortable for them- without the label of
the “right” or “wrong” way
Meeting Deaf People
Tips for Communication
• Face visible and well
lighted
• Make sure Deaf person is
watching you
• No gum/ don’t cover
mouth
• Don’t exaggerate mouth
movements
• Use gestures/ facial
expressions
• Be patient
• Be yourself