Transcript Presentation

PUBLIC SPEAKING
Delivering effective presentations
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RHETORIC
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The art of persuasion
What are the ingredients of a presentation
that inspires or touches you?
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BECOMING A GOOD SPEAKER
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Public speaking is a career. You learn by
doing.
We’re going to provide you with the
basics.
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TRAINER
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The word TRAIN derives from:
“Instruct, discipline, teach," 1540s, from
train (n.), probably from earlier sense of
"draw out and manipulate in order to
bring to a desired form" (late 14c.)
(online ethimology dictionary)
To perform a good training activity you
need to know the form or shape you’d like
to give to the people attending.
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In other words, what are you expecting
them to do after the training? How do
you want them to be?
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
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Communication is the act of sending a
message which “gets people to act”.
Transferring an idea without getting
people to act is not communication, but it
is just talk.
The people in your audience normally
already know what they should be doing.
Your skill is igniting the spark which gets
them to action!
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THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMMUNICATION
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Once we’ve got an idea to communicate to a
public, we need to understand that the
same basics applicable to “one on one
communication” also apply to communicating
to an audience.
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THE AUDIENCE IS
NOT A GENERALITY
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You do not talk to the whole room, but to
every single person in the audience.
If in the room there are 20 people, you
have 20 simultaneous communication cycles.
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SUCCESS OF A SPEAKER
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ASSUMING THAT THE INFORMATION
GIVEN BY THE SPEAKER IS VALUABLE,
HIS SUCCESS DEPENDS ON:
50% PERSONALITY
50% TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF HOW HE
IMPARTS THE INFORMATION
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TECHNICAL ASPECTS
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Technical aspects include:
PREPARING THE ROOM FOR THE
PRESENTATION
INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE (A
silent audience is dangerous).
PREPARING THE PRESENTATION
HANDLING THE MEDIA (flipchart, ppt,
etc)
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SETTING UP THE ROOM (HALL)
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Arrive early to ensure everything is under
control and to acclimate to the place.
ROOM ARRANGEMENT: arrange the room in
the most proper way for the event. Try not to
put barriers between you and the audience.
STARTING TIME: Try to stick as closely as
possible to the established schedules. But DO
NOT start if most of the attendee’s have not
arrived yet. They would disturb the
presentation.
Every 1 hour and 45 minutes you must call a
break.
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INTERACTING
WITH THE AUDIENCE
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HOW SHOULD YOU
HANDLE THE AUDIENCE?
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First of all the speaker should feel
himself the cause (source) of whatever
happens with the audience and of how
each person in the audience is behaving.
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INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE
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CONTINUOS INFORMAL VERIFICATION: Look people
in the eyes.
FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY: Repeat the concepts
several times. For people to remember it after one month,
you have to repeat something at least 14 times during
your presentation.
FIL-ROUGE
SHORT INTRODUCTION – ANALYSIS – SUMMARY:“Say
what you want to say, say it, say what you have said”.
EMOTIONAL LEARNING: Communicate information with
emotions
HANDLING THE QUESTIONS: Answer
each question
TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION: Keep interaction with
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the audience
EXERCISE
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Prepare and give a short speech: A
Successful Action or Best Practice in your
job.
The speech is aimed at the people in the
room at this time.
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INTERACTING WITH THE AUDIENCE
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Ask frequent questions and do write the answers on the
flipchart.
Give a concept and ask them how they would use it.
Use frequently “In your opinion…?”
Sometimes try to make them reach the conclusion or
discover the information
Include exercises
The Point: keep people awake. Optimum communication
requires 50% of the time speaking and the other 50%
listening. If there is too much “incoming communication”
people fall asleep.
Do not necessarily follow the entire program. If a
certain part captures the audience, you can even cut
short the original program.
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EXERCISE
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Prepare and hold a speech: A successful
action or best practice in selling
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What do you want people TO DO as a result
your presentation (= Message)
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Prepare an introduction and questions to
“open up” the audience.
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Write the ending.
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Rehearse the key points of the speech.
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SECOND DAY
KEY DATA ON INTERACTING WITH
A SMALL AUDIENCE (UP TO 40)
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A SILENT AUDIENCE IS DANGEROUS
THE AUDIENCE SHOULD SPEAK AT LEAST 50% OF
THE TIME
TWO-WAYS COMMUNICATION IS MORE
IMPORTANT THAN INFORMATION
SPEAKING LIGHTENS UP THE PEOPLE IN THE
AUDIENCE
THE MOOD OF THE AUDIENCE IS MORE
IMPORTANT THAN YOUR PROGRAM
THE TRAINER ACTS AS THE COORDINATOR OF THE
AUDIENCE KNOWLEDGE
THE TRAINER GETS THE AUDIENCE TO GET TO THE
INFORMATION
THE TRAINER MUST TELL THE PEOPLE WHAT TO
DO AFTER THE PRESENTATION
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PREPARING THE
PRESENTATION
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OUTLINE OF A SPEECH
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Each speech includes:
a) A Beginning where you tell the audience the purpose of
the speech. Pleasant, high-toned (you can even make a
joke or tell a funny story).
b) A central part where analyzing technical data, logical
reasoning and procedures.
c) An End where you bring about the success of the
speech with a crescendo in terms of mood and emotion
The end of the speech must be in a crescendo and people
should leave more energized than when they arrived.
In the end you have to be very convinced and highlight
the sense of “social mission” in what people will have to do.
There is no two-way communication in the final part of
the speech.
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PREPARING A PRESENTATION
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Prepare an outline and study it.
By doing just this, you will be a successful
speaker.
To prepare a good outline, you should know
as much as possible about the people
attending.
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INGREDIENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
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Communication requires that I’m all set on
what is the message I’d like to send to the
other person.
“What do you want people to do after your
speech?”
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THE IMPORTANCE
OF THE MESSAGE
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The presentation may cover many different
topics, but keep in mind that people after the
presentation do remember one or two messages
at the most.
If you have more things to discuss, cut it down
to the really important things and repeat them
over and over during your presentation.
Once you’re all set on the message, prepare the
PERSUASIVE MIX: the tools and the arguments
you’ll use to get your message through.
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Outline of a Speech
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The message you want to communicate
Persuasive Mix:
Beginning of the speech (brisk and lively):
 Purpose of the speech (why it is interesting)
 Question or questions to “open up” the audience
Central part (data, procedures, logic, schemes):
 Introductory question
 Data and information
1° DATUM
 Convincing summary
 Introductory question
 Data and information
2° DATUM
 Convincing summary
End (including pathos or the social impact in what we
have to do)
Ethos, Pathos and Logos are present throughout the entire
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presentation.
TIPS FOR PREPARING THE OUTLINE
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Include in the outline some questions
In a course include some exercises (when you ask
people to do things, be certain they do it,
otherwise you lose leadership).
You must be very good both at the beginning and
at the end because they are the parts that make
the difference in the speech
Write LARGE notes with the key points of the
speech so that you can see them also when
distant.
Rehearse the key points.
Try not to leave anything to chance.
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HANDLING THE MEDIA
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Flipchart: write clear and readable
Projector: do not “get replaced by power
point!”.
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Print the slides and write notes on them
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Use emotional video’s
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KEY TIPS
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Breaks are not breaks for you. They are
important moments to reinforce the
concepts, get allies or handle objecting
attendee’s.
Each audience has his own opinion leaders.
Try to get them as allies and during breaks
give them attention.
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HOW TO BOOST
YOUR
PRESENTATIONS
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ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS
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A good speech or presentation needs ethos,
pathos and logos
Ethos: the moral strength of the speaker.
Pathos: to communicate data emotionally or
stirring up emotions.
Logos: logical reasoning about why our
procedures, technical data or what we are
saying is the right thing to do.
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FACTORS IMPACTING
QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION
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1) A good discipline of the communication.
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2) Conviction-Emotion-Action.
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3) Emotional bond between you and the
people attending.
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CONVINCTION
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a) Do not teach something that you are
not able to do successfully. You can teach
only what you can do well.
b) Study the people attending to
understand that you can teach them
something.
c) Continue to visualize what you want
them to do after your speech.
d) BE CONVINCED
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EMOTIONAL BOND BETWEEN YOU
AND THE PEOPLE ATTENDING
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The emotional bond between you and the people
attending greatly enhances understanding.
Highlight the similarity between you and the
people attending. “I am like you, guys”. “I too go
out every day trying to sell …”.
Show real affection and interest for the people
in the room. For you, they must be first of all
important as individuals.
Get close to them.
Be compassionate.
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IDEAS TO MAKE THE COMMUNICATION
MORE MOTIVATING
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Tell a phrase with great conviction and with a loud voice,
then lower it suddenly to summarize the concepts. In
the moment you lower the tone of the voice, the
interest of the audience increases.
When you have something important to say, increase the
pause between a word and the other.
Take some pauses where you look at the audience in
silence.
Put some suspense or mystery (like telling a story whose
nobody knows the end).
Remember that persuasion must include also the
esthetic as its fundamental component.
Be touched.
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EXERCISE
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Prepare a speech: “What do you find
effective in self motivation”.
What do you want people TO DO as a result
your presentation (= Message)
Prepare an introduction and questions to
“open up” the audience.
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Write the ending.
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Rehearse the key points of the speech.
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CHANGE
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THE CHANGE OF PEOPLE
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Emotion leads up to the desire to get into
action!!!
To create emotions, you must be convinced.
To create emotions you must talk to the
soul and not to the head of the people
attending.
Whenever you create an emotion during a
speech, people change their minds and
decide to change something in their lives.
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NOW WE’RE GOING TO TRY
TO CREATE AN EMOTION…
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EMOTIONS
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Some of the factors that create emotions,
assuming that you are greatly convinced:
Your enthusiasm.
Your empathy (= your ability to accurately
understand (feel) the feelings of the other
people)
The fact that you understand and mention
intimate difficulties or thoughts that the people
in the room have experienced or are experiencing.
The fact that with small things we can often
trigger great changes.
Values such as “freedom” and “honour”.
Revelations about yourself.
To create emotions, you need to talk about things
that touch you.
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RIGHT MIX FOR A SPEECH
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A logical part explaining in detail what
needs to be done and why. This part should
include the steps the person should do
right after the presentation.
An emotional part where you bring about an
emotion in the people attending by talking
about something that moves you.
If while getting the final message through
you are touched by something, you’ve got it
made!
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EXERCISE
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Prepare a speech:
YOU MUST MOVE THE AUDIENCE
TO DO IT YOU HAVE TO TALK ABOUT
SOMETHING THAT MOVES YOU
AFTER YOU HAVE MOVED THE
AUDIENCE (OR YOU YOURSELF HAVE
BEEN MOVED) YOU SHOULD ADD A
MESSAGE FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE
ROOM.
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