Transcript Management styles and skills

MANAGEMENT
STYLES AND
SKILLS
Chapter 3
Management Styles
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Management: a group of activities including
POLC which aim to effectively and efficiently
control company resources in order to meet
objectives.
Traditionally, there are five ways you can do
this...
 All People Can Play Lacrosse
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Autocratic Management Style
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Strictly top-down, hierarchical.
Authoritarian. Communication is one-way.
Boss maintains all control and makes all decisions
then tells staff what to do.
Employees given information on a “need to know”
basis.
“You are paid for what you do here, surely that is
enough!”
Do things by the book and expect the same from
employees.
Autocratic Management Style
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Advantages:
Decisions are made quickly.
No confusion over who is in charge.
Direction is clear
Disadvantages:
Causes poor morale and low motivation
Shows lack of trust
Low job satisfaction for staff.
Autocratic Management Style
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Can you think of situations when this
style would be suitable ???
Persuasive Management style
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Similar to autocratic, except that managers attempt to
persuade or “sell” to employees the decisions they
have made.
Decision making is still centralised.
“From now on you all have to start at 8am. Just think
of all the peak hour traffic you will miss by starting
that little bit earlier.”
One –way communication.
Managers seek to gain trust from employees by
attempting to assure them all decisions are made with
their best interests in mind.
Persuasive Management style
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Advantages:
Decisions are made quickly.
No confusion over who is in charge.
Direction is clear
Employees may feel valued if the “selling” is done
effectively.
Disadvantages:
Still could cause poor morale and low motivation
Shows lack of trust
Low job satisfaction for staff.
Consultative Management Style
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Managers are willing to consult with subordinates
and understand the importance of positive
relationships with employees.
Flatter management structure.
Two-way communication but at the end of the day,
management still make the final decision.
Consultative Management Style
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Advantages:
Employees feel valued.
Employees have opportunity to have their opinions
heard – they could be good ideas that benefit the
business.
Good morale and motivation levels.
Disadvantages:
Time consuming.
Not all ideas can be implemented. Could cause tension
Might not be able to consult every time. Inconsistent.
Participative Management Style
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Allows employees to be part of the decision-making
process.
Similar to consultative.
Flatter management structure.
High level of trust placed in employees.
Staff’s skill, knowledge and technical expertise
recognised.
Participative Management Style
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Advantages:
Motivation and morale are generally high amongst staff.
Generally, managers give staff more praise.
Managers provide guidance to staff re: KPI’s etc.
Disadvantages:
Time consuming.
Staff may be unclear about their role. Eg. One minute
they are allowed to make decisions, the next they are not.
More people involved – greater risk of losing control.
Laissez-faire Management style
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“Leave well alone.”
Employees are given control for setting direction, tasks
and decision making. Managers take a step back.
Employees given little or no guidance.
Can you think of a situation where this would be a good
style??
Laissez-faire Management style
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Advantages:
Can promote creativity.
Staff may be feel empowered.
Disadvantages:
More people involved – greater risk of losing control.
Staff may feel unguided and lack motivation.
Contingency Management
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A contingency is something that is undecided but depends
on the situation.
Manager uses whatever style fits the situation in order to
be more effective.
Factors that would affect the style would be:
The organisation – goals, culture, etc.
Themselves as a manager – personality, etc.
Employees – skilled/unskilled? Personality etc
Task – difficulty, skills required, etc.
Other constraints – time, budget etc.
Management Skills
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In order to Plan, Organise, Lead and Control
effectively, a manager requires certain skills.
They are communication, negotiation, time
management, delegation, leadership, stress
management, emotional intelligence and decision
making.
Communication
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The transmission of information to one or more persons,
in a way that ensures the recipient’s understanding is a
close as possible to the meaning the sender intended.
If you only learn one thing from me this year, it should
be “Communication is the most important skill for a
manager to have.”
What ways do we communicate with each other??
Types of Communication
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Formal: Official. Directly related to organisational
activities. Eg. Meetings, conferences, appraisals,
interviews, emails etc.
Informal: not official but may still be related to the
organisation. Eg. Gossip, networking, the “grapevine”,
emails etc.
Communication
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Verbal (oral): can be formal - meetings, conferences,
interviews, phone conversations etc.
or informal- gossip etc.
Written: email, memos, meeting minutes etc. Can result
in errors, or TONE OF THE WRITING BEING MISREAD.
Non-verbal: Body language, tone of voice (not what
you are saying but how you are saying it), image of
communicator, setting of meeting.
Communication
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Would you take orders from this guy?
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Crossing your arms is non-verbal communication
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Would a business meeting in a pub be
taken seriously??
Communication
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Dont get confused!
Communication is not always just one of these types, it
is usually a combination:
Formal/Verbal
Formal/written
Informal/non-verbal
Informal/verbal
Informal/written.
Can you think of an example for each of these?
Barriers to effective communication
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Physical distractions
Ineffective technology (ie. Email crashes)
The words used – words can mean different things to
different people
Cultural differences
How credible is the person sending the message. Ie.
Would you believe an email saying school had been
cancelled that was sent by a student??
Improving communication
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Allowing two-way communication
Listening as well as speaking
Being clear and concise – dont waffle on! (Just like in
your Outcomes.)
Being aware of non-verbal cues being sent.
Understanding that there is a time and place for
everything.
Managing by wandering around (not just sitting your
office all day.)
Negotiation
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The process of reaching an agreement through discussion
and compromise.
Aiming for a “win/win” situation.
Stages for a successful negotiation:
Setting goals
Setting limits for compromise
Establishing positive working atmosphere
Recording information and confirming understanding
Negotiation
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Knowing when to compromise
Sealing the deal
Confirmation of details.
Negotiation Activity
Time Management
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The recognition by a manager that time is a finite
resource and an acknowledgement that there is a
need to plan time effectively.
Something that you should be champions at by the
end of this year.
Effective Time Management
1. Setting out the tasks to be done – making lists etc.
2. Delegating tasks - being able to hand tasks and
responsibilities to employees but maintaining
accountability
3. Establishing priorities -based on difficulty of task and
deadline – don’t leave the hardest things until last!!
4. Allocating time to particular tasks.
5. Adding in deadlines
6. Review in case of changing priorities, events, etc.
Delegation
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The handing over of tasks, responsibility and authority
to employees by managers who in turn maintain
accountability for the tasks’ completion.
Benefits: manager’s time is freed up for other tasks.
Stress is reduced
Organisation runs more smoothly when boss is away.
Employees feel trusted and valued.
Increased motivation and promotion prospects.
Better training.
Delegation
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Problems: if manager is not organised, they may not
want to delegate as they dont know what is going on
themselves.
Managers might fear being “shown up.”
Managers might not have the time or inclination to
train staff.
Managers might have an autocratic/persuasive style
that does not really welcome delegation.
Team Leadership skills
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Those skills that the manager must employ to ensure
the team is managed effectively including coaching,
encouraging, conflict management etc.
The ability to work as a member of a team is one of
the most important skills employers look for.
Leading a team includes:
Clearly defining roles of members and goals of group
Ability to encourage and recognise team effort.
Ability to resolve conflict
Managing team relationships
Stress Management
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Think of all the tasks a manager might be expected to
do in a single day and you will understand how they
could experience STRESS.
Think of some things that make you stressed and
how you react when stressed.
What influences Stress?
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Demands of the job
Level of skill (theirs and employees)
Physical demands
Poor interpersonal skills/relationships with employees
Signs of stress:
 Increased absenteeism
 Illness
 Decreased performance, motivation, morale.
Avoiding Stress (think of these this
year!!!!)
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Improving time management
Keeping well informed (no nasty surprises)
Saying “No”
Redesigning tasks of office space
Keeping fit and healthy
Asking for HELP!!!
Less of this -
More of
this -
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
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The awareness of not only one’s own emotions, but also
the emotions of others.
Self-manage/control impulses
Be socially aware
A leader who recognises that employees emotions
play an important role in the workplace will be able
to motivate staff and increase productivity.
Decision Making
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The process of making choices from available
alternatives.
SADIM (from Polc)
Important not only to make decision, but also follow up
and review results of decision.
Effective communication of decisions and reasons for
decisions important.