Transcript Slide 1

Athuman Mtulya, Kapembwa Chungu,
Mariagoreth Charles, Liselott Lindström
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Winfried Schulz (2008):
”Communication is considered to be political
if it’s related to exchange of messages
among political actors. For example most of
what politicians do is political
communication. ”
Focus on individuals instead of issues
Langlang (1981): A reciprocal kind of effect of
mass media.
”Consequences of a media to a person or an
institution as an object of media coverage
and not an event”
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Mostly used in negative issues
◦ ”IGP Mwema pole, lakini umejifunza” (Mtanzania
22.4.2010)
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Sometimes it applies in positive issues
◦ Kikwete in the map (The Express) 14.1.2010
◦ Kikwete – like the father of the Nation (Mtanzania
22.4.2010)
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Defamation
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Celebrity Politics
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Miss important issues
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Invade privacy
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Balance story
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Misleading the audience
 Do
we need personification?
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No clear party manifestos
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Not go too far