Transcript Effective Presentations Skills

Communication Skills
Seminar
Boğazıçı University
April 22, 2004
Tom Atkinson
Seminar Agenda
Thursday, April 22:
Thursday, May 6:
Thursday, May 13:
Thursday, May 27?
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Listening Skills
Writing Skills
Presentation Skills: Preparation
Presentation Skills: Presenting
Tom Atkinson
Communication Skills Overview
Effective communication skills are a
critical element in your career and
personal lives.
We all must use a variety of
communication techniques to both
understand and be understood.
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Most common ways to communicate
Writing
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Communication Goals
To change behavior
To get and give
Information
To persuade
To get action
To ensure understanding
Source: CGAP Direct
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Critical success factor for life
The majority of your
perceived ability comes from
how you communicate
30% What you know
70% How you
communicate it
Source: CGAP Direct
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Listening Skills
Boğazıçı University
April 22, 2004
Tom Atkinson
Agenda
1.
2.
3.
Motivation
How to Listen
Paraphrasing, Summarizing and
Questioning
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Part 1
Motivation
Session Objectives
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Be able to:
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Describe reasons that communication fails
List strategies to improve communication
Paraphrase and summarize conversations
Use appropriate questioning techniques
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Listening and Speaking are used a lot…
50%
45%
45%
40%
35%
30%
30%
25%
20%
16%
15%
10%
9%
5%
0%
Writing
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Reading
Speaking
Listening
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… But not taught enough
50%
45%
45%
40%
35%
30%
30%
25%
20%
16%
15%
10%
9%
5%
0%
Writing
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Reading
Speaking
Listening
Tom Atkinson
Listening is needed everywhere…

Listening skills form the basis of:
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Continued learning
Teamwork skills
Management skills
Negotiation skills
Emotional intelligence
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… But not practiced effectively
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70% of all communication is
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Misunderstood
Misinterpreted
Rejected
Distorted
Not heard
Source: CGAP Direct
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Part 2
How to Listen
“Harry always was a poor listener.”
What if communication were not possible?
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Frustration and Chaos!
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Both children want the orange
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But without good listening, neither gets
what they want…
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Communication
Communication is the process of sending and
receiving information among people…
Feedback
receiver
SENDER
sender
RECEIVER
Source: CGAP Direct
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Messages not delivered due to “distortion”
Feedback
Receiver
Sender
Distortion
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What causes distortion?
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Speaker
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Language
Wordiness
Semantics
Emotions
Inflections
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Listener
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Perceptions
Preconceived
notions/expectations
Physical hearing problem
Speed of thought
Personal interests
Emotions
Attention span
No active listening!
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What do you think about?
I have something
really important to
tell you
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Maybe I should
get a haircut
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30% of you aren’t paying
attention right now!
Clues that you are not listening
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Are you simply waiting for your turn to talk?
Are you thinking about your reply before the
other person has finished talking?
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Listening and speaking require energy
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Listening takes. . .
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concentration and energy
curiosity and open-mindedness
analysis and understanding
Speaking requires. . .
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sharp focus
logical thinking
clear phrasing
crisp delivery
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How to be an active listener
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Set the stage
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Choose an appropriate physical environment
Remove distractions
Be open and accessible
Maintain relaxed, open posture that shows concentration
Ensure mutual understanding
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Reflect feelings
Offer acknowledgements (say “uh-huh”)
Paraphrase main ideas
Interrupt to clarify
Confirm next steps
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How to be an active listener
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Understand body language
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Observe position and posturing
Make eye contact
Consider expression and gestures
Suspend judgment
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Concentrate
Keep an open mind
Hear the person out
Do not react to emotive words
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Active Listening (not!)
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Behaviors that hinder effective listening
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Act distracted (look at your watch!)
Tell your own story without acknowledging theirs
Give no response
Invalidate response, be negative
Interrupt
Criticize
Diagnose what was said
Give advice/solutions quickly
Change the subject
Reassure without acknowledgment
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Let’s practice
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Tell the person next to you about your
Research Project
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Tell me your stories
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Do you feel your partner understood you?
What made your partner easy/hard to listen to?
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Part 3
Paraphrasing, Summarizing and
Questioning
Techniques to improve listening skills
SUMMARIZE
PARAPHRASE
Restate what was
said in your own
words
Pull together
the main points
of a speaker
QUESTION
Challenge speaker
to think further,
clarifying both your
and their
understanding
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Practice Paraphrasing
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Paraphrasing is simply
restating what another
person has said in your
own words.
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Use phrases such as:
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In other words…
I gather that…
If I understand what you
are saying…
What I hear you saying
is…
Pardon my interruption,
but let me see if I
understand you
correctly…
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Practice Summarizing
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Summarizing pulls
important ideas, facts or
data together.
Useful for emphasizing key
points and setting the stage
for further discussion.
The person summarizing
must listen carefully in
order to organize the
information systematically.
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Try out these
summarizing phrases:
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“If I understand you
correctly, your main
concerns are…”
“These seem to be the
key ideas you have
expressed… ”
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Two basic types of questions
1. Closed questions:
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Get a one-word response and inhibit thought.
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Questions begin with who, when and which
2. Open-ended questions:
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Invite unique thought, reflection or an explanation.
Questions begin with how, what and how come (not why!).
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Practice Questioning
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Rephrase the following closed questions to
make them open-ended:
1.
Are you feeling tired?
Isn’t it a nice day?
Was the last activity useful?
Is there anything bothering you?
So everything is fine, then?
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Let’s practice
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Tell the person next to you what you did last
weekend
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Questions?
Feedback
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Give an assessment of today’s session
What did you like most and least?
Assess the verbal presentation?
Assess the slides?
How useful do you think this topic will be for
future classes on communications?
[email protected]
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