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Variations in Child Development EDCI 336 August 23, 2007 Objectives –Learn about labels or classifications –Develop increased understanding regarding needs of children with DD Indicators of DD • Failure to reach developmental milestones on time • Failure to acquire skills such as performing, speaking, perceiving new experiences Indicators of DD •Physical appearance –Height, weight –Head circumference –Facial features –Body proportions or shapes Most frequently noted delays •Motor –Noted during infancy •Speech and language –Noted during preschool Classifications of DDs •Cognitive •Speech and language •Physical •Social-emotional •Health impairment Cognitive delays •Difficulty with : –Symbolic concepts –Syntactic structure, vocabulary –Generalizing learning –Incidental learning Cognitive delays •These children need: –More direct instruction –More repetitive instruction Mental Retardation •IQ below 70 •Difficult to assess before school age except in severe cases Learning disabilities •Achievement significantly below aptitude Traumatic Brain Injury •May result in –Seizures –Headaches –Reduced stamina –Memory problems ADHD •Persistent difficulties –Attention span –Impulse control –Hyperactivity (Not always present) Communication •Speech –Voice disorders –Fluency (stuttering) –Articulation Social-Emotional •Difficulty with relationships •Inappropriate expression of behavior or feelings Social-Emotional •Acting unhappy or depressed •Developing physical symptoms or fears related to school or personal problems Physical disabilities •Hearing impairment •Visual impairment •Orthopedic impairment Health impairment •Chronic or acute health problems that interfere with academic development Health impairment •OHI –Heart conditions –Asthma –Tuberculosis –Sickle cell anemia Health impairment •Hemophilia •Cancer •Epilepsy •Diabetes •AIDS Autism •Affects verbal and nonverbal communication •All intellectual levels •First 3 years of life Autism •Repetitive actions •Resistance to change •Unusual responses to sensory stimuli Reactions •What is your role as an educator?