Transcript LANGUAGE: COMMUNICATION THROUGH SPEECH

LANGUAGE: COMMUNICATION
THROUGH SPEECH
FAST FIVE
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WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER
3 POINTS ON WIPEBOARDS
• COMMUNICATION:
SPOKEN, WRITTEN
• CONNECTION
• IDENTITY
• A TRAIT THAT
DISTINGUISHES CULTURAL
VALUES
STATISTICS
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2/3 OR 66% WORLD POPULATION
SPEAKS 1 OF 2 LANGUAGE FAMILIES
LANGUAGE FAMILY – COLLECTIONOF
LANGUAGES RELATED THROUGH
COMMON ANCESTRAL LANGUAGE
THAT EXISTED LONG BEFORE
RECORDED HISTORY
INDO-EUROPEAN, MOST WIDELY USED
AND SINO-TIBETAN MOSTLY IN CHINA,
1.3 BILL POPULATION
LOGOGRAM: WHERE
PICTURES=WORDS NOT SOUNDS,
SYMBOLS REPRESENT WORDS
IDEOGRAM: a symbol that is used in a
writing system, for example Chinese,
to represent the idea of a thing, rather
than the sounds of a word
2-6% SPEAK A LANGUAGE FROM 7
OTHER LANGUAGE FAMILIES
5% SPEAK FROM 100’S OF SMALLER
LANGUAGE FAMILIES
WHO SPEAKS WHAT WHERE?
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INDO-EUROPEAN: EUROPE, SOUTH
ASIA, NORTH AND LATIN AMERICA
SINO-TIBETAN: MANDARIN SPOKEN BY
¾ OF PEOPLE
NO LANGUAGE CALLED “CHINESE”
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF PEOPLES
REPUBLIC OF CHINA & TAIWAN: 1
LANGUAGE USED BY THE GOVERNMENT
FOR LAWS, REPORTS, PUBLIC OBJECTS
(SIGNS, STAMPS, MONEY)
MOST USED LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD
1 OF 6 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
MANDARIN IMPOSED BY CHINESE
GOVERNMENT COUNTRYWIDE
WHY?
1 LANGUAGE CREATES UNITY,
COMMON WRITTEN FORM, STRENGTH
LITERARY TRADITION: SYSTEM OF
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE
• LANGUAGE FAMILY
• LANGUAGE BRANCH A
collection of languages
related through a
common ancestor that
existed several thousand
years ago
• LANGUAGE GROUP A
collection of languages
within a branch that share
a common origin in the
relatively recent past and
display relatively few
differences in grammar
and vocabulary.
• TRUNK=LANG. FAMILY
• BRANCH=LANG. BRANCH
• LEAVES=INDIVIDUAL LANG
PRACTICE: ANSWERS IN NOTES
• WHAT ARE THE LANGUAGE
FAMILY, BRANCH & GROUP TO
WHICH ENGLISH BELONGS?
• MANDARIN?
• SPANISH?
• ARABIC?
• HINDI
• BENGALI
• PORTUGESE
• RUSSIAN
• JAPANESE
• GERMAN
OTHER LARGE LANGUAGE FAMILIES
• AUSTRONESIAN:
INDONESIA
• AUSTROASIATIC:
VIETNAMESE
• AFROASIATIC: ARABIC
• ALTAIC: TURKISH
• URALIC: ESTONIANS,
FINNS, HUNGARIANS
• NIGER-CONGO: SWAHILI
• NILO SAHARAN: NORTH
CENTRAL AFRICA
• KHOISAN: DISTINCTIVE
TRAIT WAS CLICKING
SOUND & DERISIVELY
CALLED HOTTENTOTS BY
EUROPEAN RESEARCHERS