Chapter One - 4U Designs
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Transcript Chapter One - 4U Designs
Chapter One
Becoming a
Public Speaker
Chapter One
Table of Contents
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Public Speaking and the Communication
Process
Learning to Speak in Public
Classical roots of public speaking
The Many Benefits of Public
Speaking
Professional and personal opportunities
Honing Critical Thinking and Listening
Skills
Enhancing Your Career as a Student
Accomplishing Professional and Personal
Goals
Exploring and Sharing Values
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Honing Critical Thinking and Listening
Skills
Sharpen your ability to reason or think
critically.
Learn to make claims and present
evidence and reasoning
Improve listening skills which enables you
to separate fact from falsehood.
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Enhancing Your Career as a Student
Preparing speeches
involves numerous skills
that you can use in other
courses:
Research
Oral presentation
Basic communication
Creative thinking
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Accomplishing Professional and
Personal Goals
Professional Goals:
Convey information, persuade and motivate
others
Skill in public speaking tops the list of
sought-after skills by many organizations.
Personal Goals
Public speaking helps you communicate
personal concerns to others.
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Exploring and Sharing Values
Public speaking enables you to express values
and explore those of others in a civil dialogue,
regardless of whether or not the audience
shares your viewpoint.
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Dyadic communication: communication
between two people
Small group communication: small
number of people who can see and speak
directly with each other
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Mass communication: a speaker and a
large audience of unknown people
Public speaking: a speaker delivers a
message with a specific purpose to an audience
who are present during delivery
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Similarities between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Differences between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Public Speaking as a Form of Communication:
Similarities between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Like small group communication, public
speaking requires you to clearly address issues
that are relevant to the topic and occasion.
Like mass communication, you have to appeal
to a listener’s interest, attitudes, and values.
Public Speaking as a Form of Communication:
Similarities between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Like in conversations, you have to attempt to
make yourself understood, involve and respond
to the listeners, and take responsibility for what
you say.
Public Speaking as a Form of Communication:
Differences between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Feedback in public speaking is more
restrictive.
Preparation must be careful and
extensive.
The degree of formality tends to be
higher.
Public Speaking and the
Communication Process
Communication is an interactive process
in which people exchange and interpret
messages with one another.
Public Speaking and the Communication
Process
Elements of Communication
Special Speaker Considerations:
Speech Context, Goals, and Outcome
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
Source: Person who creates a message
Encoding: physical process of delivering a
message
Receiver: Recipient of the source’s message
Decoding: process of interpreting the speaker’s
message
Message: Content of the communication
process; thoughts and ideas
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
Channel: medium through which the speaker
sends a message
Noise: interference that serves as a barrier to
communication
Audience Perspective: needs, attitudes, and
values of the audience
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
Shared Meaning: mutual understanding of
a message between speaker and audience
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Special Speaker Considerations
Speech context: factors that influence
the audience, the speech, or the occasion.
Maintain a clear focus on your goal.
Make sure afterward that you have
accomplished the goal you set out to
reach.
Learning to Speak in Public
Draw on Familiar Skills
Recognize Public Speaking’s Unique
Requirements
Aim to Become a Culturally Sensitive
Speaker
Learning to Speak in Public
Public speaking is an acquired skill.
People have to devote time and effort to
improvement.
Learning to Speak in Public:
Draw on Familiar Skills
There are many skills to public speaking
that you have used unknowingly
throughout your life, in conversation and
writing.
Learning to Speak in Public:
Draw on Familiar Skills
Writing and public speaking have many
similarities.
Each require a focused sense of the
audience
Each require research and documentation
Both use effective transitions
Both rely on persuasion
Learning to Speak in Public:
Draw on Familiar Skills
Conversation and public speaking also
have many similarities.
Both require the speaker to consider the
audience, the topic, and the occasion.
However, conversation is more informal;
public speaking requires formal language
Learning to Speak in Public:
Recognize Public Speaking’s Unique
Requirements
Use familiar words and straightforward
syntax.
Use a conversational tone along with a
formal style.
Learning to Speak in Public:
Aim to Become a Culturally Sensitive
Speaker
Recognize and appreciate all forms of
diversity.
Create a sense of inclusion.
Avoid ethnocentrism : the belief that the
ways of one’s own culture are superior to those
of other cultures
Classical roots in public speaking
Rhetoric: the practice of oratory
The cannons of rhetoric: the five
part process of preparing a speech
Classical roots in public speaking
The cannons of rhetoric
Invention – adapting to the audience
Arrangement – organizing the speech
Style – language choice
Memory – practicing the speech
Delivery – vocal and nonvocal behavior