Transcript FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

FOUNDATIONS OF
TEACHING AND LEARNING
Student As Learner and Teacher in
Clinical Education
Student as a Learner
How Do You Learn?
How do you learn?
 Definition of Learning: the process of
gaining information, changing
behavior, acquisition of new skills,
and affective skils.
 Process of Learning
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Trial & Error
Conditioning
Imitation: pt. and PT
Experimental: theroize
How do you learn?
 Pedagogy vs Androgogy
 First time learning
 Didactic with responsibility on learner
 Emotional Intelligence
 Domains of Learning
 Cognitive
 Psychomotor
 Affective
 Learning Styles
Adult Learner –
Is this you?
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Independent
Prefers Participation
Seeks Relevance
Utilizes Past Experience
Problem Oriented
Open to Learning (Readiness)
Tolerates Ambiguity (More than one
answer)
Objectives of the Module
 Review Definitions, Roles,
Responsibilities of ADCE, CCCE, CI
 CI / Student Relationship
 Communication Methods
 Feedback Tools
 Factors for Becoming a CI
 Appreciate the Role of the CI
 Consider Future Role as a CI
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
Relevance
 You are a current consumer
 Make the most of your clinical
education experiences
 Understand how your performance
will be evaluated
 You are a future provider of clinical
education
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
“The Stage”
 The Environment
 What is present at the facility
 Physical setting
 Personnel (administrative, professional
staff, support staff)
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
“The Players”
 Academic Coordinator of Clinical
Education (ACCE)
 Associate (Academic) Director for
Clinical Education (ADCE)
 Center Coordinator of Clinical
Education (CCCE)
 Clinical Instructor (CI)
 Student
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
ACCE/ADCE
 Definition:
 Person employed by the university
whose primary concern is relating the
students’ clinical education to the
curriculum
 Roles:
 Administrator, educator, facilitator,
coordinator, problem solver, decision
maker
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
ACCE/ADCE Responsibilities
 Communicates between academic
institution and clinical education sites
 Clinical education program planning,
implementation and assessment
 Develops new clinical education sites
 Provides clinical faculty development
 Schedules clinical education affiliations
 Manages student assignments to clinic
 Monitors student progress
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
ACCE/ADCE Responsibilities
 Assists students and clinical faculty
with problems
 Individualizes clinical education for
students as necessary
 Develops remediation plans as
necessary
 Decides when students have
satisfactorily completed clinical
education
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
CCCE
 Definition:
 Person at each clinic site who
coordinates and arranges the clinical
education for the students and also the
one who communicates with the ADCE
and faculty at the school
 Role:
 Administrator, educator, coordinator,
facilitator, problem solver, decision
maker
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
CCCE Responsibilities
 Oversee the clinical education program at
the facility
 Serve as liaison between university and
facility
 Prepare CI(s) for their role
 Communicate information to CI(s)
 Facilitate student /CI communication
 Assist the CI in problem solving
 Update the clinical education program
yearly
 Stay current with developments in clinical
education
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
CI
 Definition:
 Person who is responsible for the direct
instruction and supervision of the
student in the clinical education setting.
 Role:
 Clinical teacher, clinician, facilitator,
coordinator, evaluator
 Work under their license
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
CI Responsibilities
 Plan meaningful learning experiences
to promote student achievement of
objectives
 Supervise and evaluate the student
 Be available to meet with the student
for daily discussions
 Meet with the CCCE primarily during
terminal affiliations
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
CI
 Be vigilant of patient and student
safety at all times
 Develop a learning contract with the
student if applicable
 Work with the clinical education team
(ADCE, CCCE, and student) if
challenges arise
 Take full responsibility for all patient
care related actions of the student
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
Student
 Definition:
 Learner…the person whose behavior is
expected to change
 Role:
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Physical Therapist – Novist Clinician
Colleague
Teacher
Evaluator
Definitions, Roles, Responsibilities
Student Responsibilities
 Meet all general, specific, and personal
objectives for the clinical experience
 Perform all duties expected of a physical
therapist with the degree of competence
expected for the level of the course
 Adhere to all departmental policies and
procedures
 Evaluate self, experience, CI, facility, and
academic preparation
The Clinical Education Sequence
Year 1
Fall
Winter
Clin
Observation
Intro to Clin
Practice
Clin Ed II
Year 2
Year 3
Spr/Summer
Clin Ed III
Clin Ed IV
Clin Ed V
Clin Ed V
Clin Ed VI
Any Questions?
CI/STUDENT
RELATIONSHIP
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Observe
Assist
Team patient care
Supervised patient care
“Independent” patient care
CI/STUDENT
Communication
 Orientation
 Patient Planning
 Feedback to students
 Immediate – Daily – Weekly
 Mid placement formative evaluation
 Final placement summative evaluation
 Feedback to CI(s)
 Informal
 Formal
CI/STUDENT
Communication
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Constructive Criticism
Appropriate Non-verbals
Setting expectations
Admitting weaknesses
Self assessment
Conflict Resolution
Ownership/Solutions
Initiation
CI/STUDENT
Communication
KEY TO SUCCESS:
COMMUNICATION!!!!!
Effective Communication
 Active listening
 Clarifying intent of communication and
thus conveying meaning
 Assertiveness versus aggressiveness
Professional Boundaries (Purtillo)
To main communication on a
professional basis
 Cliche conversation
 Very general
 Almost nothing personal
 “TMI”
 Personal ideas & judgment
 May be offensive
 Feelings & emotions
 Professional maintain emotions to the best
of their ability
 Peak communication
 Right place, right time
CI/STUDENT
Feedback Tools to Assist
Communication
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APTA Code of Conduct
Generic Abilities
APTA Core Values
Clinical Performance Instrument (CPI) –
Entry Level
 3. Demonstrated professional behavior during
interactions with others
 6. Communicates in ways that are congruent
with situational needs
 15. Educates others (pt, family, caregivers,
staff, students, other HCW) using relevant and
effective teaching methods
CI/STUDENT
Feedback to the University
To Assist Communication
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Surveys
Exit interviews
Site visits
Individual student performance evals
Community Advisory Committee
Informal from colleagues
Interactions with CI/Student
 Appropriate professional boundaries
 See previous slide
 Addressing CI, patients, staff
 Title
 Formality
 Roles
Role as Student During Clinical
Education Experiences
 Clarifying expectations with clinical
instructor
 Goals and objectives
 Culture of clinical setting
 Expectations of clinical instructor
 Dealing with differences between
student and clinical instructor
 Feedback
 Constructive
What are the characteristics
of a good CI?
CI CHARACTERISTICS
Students’ Perspective
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Good clinician
Collegial
Good communicator
Informs student of expectations
Open to student’s ideas
Is organized
Gives frequent feedback (both + & -)
Good sense of humor
Good teacher
Lets student “try their wings”
CI CHARACTERISTICS
Clinicians’ Perspective
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Enthusiastic
Good sense of humor
Challenges in supportive way
Gives feedback (both + & -)
Excellent clinical skills
Takes time with the student
Negotiates supervision with student
Orients student to facility and community
Considers students’ needs and expectations
Appreciate the Role of the CI
 Welcomes you into their facility
 Fear of not giving the student what
they need
 Fear of conflict
 Longer hours, more work and NO PAY
 Fear of the unknown
 May not live up to students’
expectations
Why would anyone want to
become a CI?
Appreciate the Role of the CI
Why take a student?
Enhances your learning
Gives new perspective on field of PT
Sharing information
Indirect Physical Therapy
Gratification to know you had an
integral part of developing a future
physical therapist
 Networking
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STUDENT AS A CLINICAL TEACHER
How do you know you are ready?
 Experience
 Capacity
 Interest
 Credibility
 Availability
 Ability to assess the performance of others
 Capable of occasional difficulty
conversations
APTA Website: CI Self Assessment
Case #1
 At midterm, student is told they use
the cell phone too often, chew gum
during patient care, don’t come
prepared with homework (look up
medical diagnoses of pt case’s for
next day)
 What T & L principles could have been
use to facilitate the learning – and in
the long term plan, the outcome?
Case #2
 The student has been identified as
not being able to measure ROM of
peripheral joints when the patient is
in modified positions from standard
position, cannot remember MMT
positions and resistance, and does
not recall special tests for orthopedic
pt populations.
 What T & L principles could have been
use to facilitate the learning – and in
the long term plan, the outcome?
Case #3
 The CI has reviewed definitions of
physical assistance with the student
numerous times. The student keeps
mixing up the definitions during
documentation.
 What T & L principles could have been
use to facilitate the learning – and in
the long term plan, the outcome?
Case #4
 The student is in the acute care
setting and keeps missing important
orders that are precautions or
contraindications for the physical
therapy examination and/or
intervention.
 What T & L principles could have been
use to facilitate the learning – and in
the long term plan, the outcome?