Transcript PowerPoint Template

WANG Guanglin，2013-08-11
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Unit 1: The Intercultural Challenge in International Business
Unit 2: Communication: an Intercultural Perspective
Unit 3: Culture, Language and Communication
Unit 4: Dimensions of Culture in International Business
Unit 5: Cultural Shock and Intercultural Adaptation
Unit 6: Intercultural Communication Competence
Unit 7: Verbal Communication in International Business
Unit 8: Cultural Translation and International Business
Unit 9: Non-verbal Communication in International Business
Unit 10: Intercultural Business Etiquette and Protocol
Unit 11: Intercultural Marketing Communication
Unit 12: Intercultural Business Negotiation
Unit 13: Intercultural Management Communication
Unit 14: Team Work & Leadership across Cultures
Unit 15: Job Searching Skill in Global Workplace
1. Learning Objective
 2. Case and case analysis (including video)
 3. Intercultural Business Communication
Theories
 4. Summary
 5. Communication workshop skills
 6. Key terms
 7. Chapter Review Quiz
 8. Study questions
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根据高盛集团（Goldman Sachs Group）统计，
新兴市场过去20年股票涨了5倍，达到80万亿美
元。
根据英国贸易和投资办公室（UK Trade and
Investment office (UKTI)）的统计，到2030年，
93%的世界中产阶级将会生活在新兴市场。全球
经济与跨文化沟通能力亟待加强。
根据世界贸易组织的研究，到了年末，全球创新
1000强(Global 1000)中，70%的工人将会是非
母语工作人员。
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根据（McKinsey Global Institute）的研究统
计，“新兴市场国家只有13%的大学生适合在
跨国公司工作，其不适应的主要原因就是英语
技能差”。
环球英语（Global English）2010年对152个
国家26000名客户调查，92%的雇员认为英语
对他们工作至关重要。
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美国（The U.S. Department of Education）指
出，到了21世纪，60%的工作现有人员中只有
20%能够胜任，因为到了现代社会，交际是生存
的重要技能，而他们大多欠缺。
---- 2007年，《哈佛商业评论》:“那些将更多
的资金投入到人才管理中的机构会在各个方面大
大超过竞争对手，包括每股收益、毛利率和每个
员工的市值”。
Strong communication skills are:
 necessary
for hiring.
 top skill set sought by employers.
 critical for promotion.
 essential for effective job performance.
 more important now as a result of
technology.
 learned through instruction and practice.
In today’s Information Age, expect to
 work with words, figures, and data
 think critically
 make decisions
 take charge of your career
 continue learning all your life
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Heightened global competition
Interconnectedness of cultures
Flattened management hierarchies
Expanded team-based management
Innovative communication technology
New work environments
Increasingly diverse workforce
We are what we think.
 All that we are arises with our thoughts.
 With our thoughts we make the world.
 ---- Gautama Buddha (c. 563 – c. 483 BC)
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Chapter objective:
By the end of this chapter, you should be
able to
 understand the impact of globalization
on intercultural communication
 understand to what extent your
reactions, behaviors, and practices are
culturally conditioned.
 identify, accept and adjust to cultural
differences
identify and solve potential problems in
intercultural communication
 apply communication ideas and
concepts to effective practices in
intercultural communication
 adjust to culturally based differences in
communication style and differences in
perception
 apply and analyze cases related to
cultural practices in international
business.
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Confucius Institute in Slovenia
W and H Issue
When and where did this story happen?
Who was involved?
What kind of communication or miscommunications occurred?
How did you feel at the time?
How far did you feel the incident was caused
by cultural factors?
How was the situation changed after
communication?
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‘globalization functions as a set of
texts, ideas, goals, values, narratives,
dispositions and prohibitions, a
veritable template for ordering and
evaluating activities, which is “filled in”
or inflected with the interests of
whoever can access it’ (Tony Schirato,
Jen Webb, Understanding
Globalization, London: Sage
Publications, 2003 : 200)
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Theodore Levitt’s (1983) article “Globalization of
Markets”.
"We could be sitting here, somebody from New
York, London, Boston, San Francisco, all live.
And maybe the implementation is in Singapore,
so the Singapore person could also be live
here .. . That's globalization," Thomas L.
Friedman. The World is Flat: A Brief History of
the Twenty-first Century. Picador I Farrar,
Straus and Giroux: New York, 2007. p. 6.
Globophilia vs. Globophobia
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China’s accession to the World Trade Organization
(WTO) in 2001
Of top 10 companies in Fortune 500, 3 are Chinese
companies, and 92 Chinese companies are listed in
Global 500 companies.
The Apple, Volkswagen, NIKE, Starbucks, CocaCola, McDonald’s, and Kentucky Fried Chicken are
ubiquitous; DuPont; Alcatel;
At the same time, powerful Chinese domestic
multinationals such as Huawei, Geely (Jili), Haier,
Lenovo, PetroChina and SinoPec are shaking the
world with their own economic power.
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McDonald’s busiest location is not in US.
KFC is available over 11,000 locations in over 80
countries
In 2010, Toyota employed 325,905 people in the
world, and As of March 2013, Japan is Toyota's
largest hybrid market, with 2.318 million Toyota and
Lexus hybrids sold. As of the end of Dec. 2012,
Toyota conducts its business worldwide with 52
overseas manufacturing companies in 27 countries
and regions. Toyota's vehicles are sold in more than
160 countries and regions.
GM collected revenues of $ 152.2 billion, employed
212,000 people and operated in over 100 countries in
2012.
Facebook,
 MySpace,
 LinkedIn,
 Weixin, Weibo
 as of the end of June 2013, the number
of China’s netizens reached 591 million,
an increase of 26.56 million compared
to the end of 2012.
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Population and energy population and
consumption
 How can we communicate with members
of a culturally diverse workforce in ways
that respect difference and help achieve
organizational and individual goals?
 How do members of the “sandwich
generation” cope with the stresses of
work and family concerns?
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What are the various communication
patterns and needs of individuals from
different age groups?
 How can we use communication
technology to design virtual
workplaces for employees in a variety
of locations?
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Diaspora and
multiculturalism
 The salad bowl
 Melting pot
 Cultural mosaic
 Unity in diversity or
diversity in unity
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Al Gore (An Inconvenient Truth ,2006),
humanity’s role in climate change and
the task governments, businesses, and
individuals. (Show film)
 December 2005, an earthquake created
a tsunami along the coastal areas of 11
Indian Ocean nations, killing an
estimated 230,000 people32 and
leaving millions homeless.
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October 2005, an earthquake in the
Kashmir region, claimed as many as
79,000 lives and forced 3.5 million
people into refugee camps.
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May 2008, an earthquake devastated
Sichuan Province in central China.
Economic vs. ecologic
 Sand storm
 Air-pollution (PM 2.5)
 Hot weather
 Oil leakage
 Dead pigs phenomenon
 Lung cancer (air), gastric cancer (food),
liver cancer (water) – Ma Yun
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“Culture…is the collective programming
of the mind that distinguishes the
members of one group or category of
people from others.”
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(Geert Hofstede,Gert Jan Hofstede &
Michael Minkov. Cultures and
Organizations: Software of The MindIntercultural Cooperation and Its
Importance for Survival. New York:
McGraw-Hill. 2010. p. 6)
Language
Nationality
Education (general)
Profession (specialized education)
Sources of culture
Group (ethnicity)
Religion
Family
Sex
Social class
Corporate or organizational culture
Attitude
 Perceptions
 Stereotypes
 Interpretation
 Interdependence
 Cultural Shock
 Reverse cultural shock
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Perception is a
conscious
sensory
experience.
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Rubin's vase:
What can you get
out of this picture?
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Culture is learned
learning culture through proverbs
learning culture through folktales, legends and myths
Learning culture through art
Learning culture through mass media
Culture is shared
Culture is contextual
Culture is transmitted from generation to
generation
Culture is dynamic
Culture is an integrated system
Edward T. Hall. High Context vs. low
context
 Edward T. Hall. Polychronic vs. monochronic
 Geert Hofstede. Five Dimensions
 Trompenaars: Seven Dimensions
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Adopted from Mary Ellen Guffey. Business Communication, Process & Product, 6th
Edition, Mason OH, South-Western Cengage. 2008, p. 75.
Paradox
 东西
 危机
 舍得
 cross-cultural
communication,
intercultural
communication,
interdiscourse
communication.
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Feedback
5 travels to
sender
Sender has
1
idea
Sender
encodes
idea in
message
4
2
Message
travels
over
channel
Possible
additional
feedback to
receiver
6
3
Receiver
decodes
message
Stimulus
Sending Channel
Encoding
Encoding
Understanding
Understanding
Decoding
Decoding
Feedback Channel
Person A
Person B
 Bypassing
 Poor listening skills
 Differing frames of reference
 Lack of language skills
 Emotional interference
 Physical distractions
聽
This Chinese word for listen (Ting), is
composed of 耳、王、十、四、一、心,
which implies that in order to listen
effectively, a person needs to
 1. use one’s ear to literally hear the words
 2. use one’s mouth to express properly
 3. to use one’s mind to understand the
words
4. to use one’s eyes to observe the
non-verbal messages
 5. use one’s heart to understand the
feelings of the speaker
 6. and it is regarded as an sublime
behavior as those who listen carefully
are endowed with imperial ears
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 Realize that communication is
imperfect.
 Adapt the message to the receiver.
 Improve your language and listening
skills.
 Question your preconceptions.
 Encourage feedback.
globalization
 Globophilia vs. globophobia
 outsourcing
 climate change
 demographics
 population shifts
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transmission model of communication
 Intercultural communication vs. crosscultural communication
 High context vs. low context
 Stereotype
 Cultural shock
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1. Explain the following statement: “In
studying other cultures, we do so very
often from the perspective of our own
culture.”
 2. Explain how changes in technology, the
new global economy, and increases in the
world’s population might affect you.
 3. Explain how and why communication
and culture are linked.
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4. Explain the following statement: “When
studying intercultural communication, you
should be aware of the problems
associated with individual uniqueness,
stereotyping, objectivity, and assuming
communication is a cure-all.”
 5. Explain what is meant by the phrase
“Communication is contextual.” Can you
think of examples of how context has
influenced your behavior?
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1. How have your country or work been affected
by issues such as globalization, climate change,
and changing demographics? How do these
issues have different effects on different people
and different kinds of working environment?
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2. What kind of cultural and management
changes have been brought about by
globalization? To what extent these changes
enhance or reduce the quality of life for
individuals in different working environments?
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3. How would each of the communications
discussed in this chapter help to deal with
issues in national or international business?
For instance, the BP oil spill in USA or food
safety issues in China?
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4. In small groups, discuss national or
domestic news stories from the past week to
determine under what circumstances
cultures encountering one another display
communication.
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5. In small groups, discuss your
interpretation of the following quote:
“Globalization is political,
technological, and cultural, as well as
economic.”
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6. In small groups, identify your culture
or sub-culture.
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7. Discuss with other members of your
class the types of communication
problems that have occurred when you
have interacted with people from cultures
different from your own.
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8. In small groups, discuss the various
ways in which the dominant culture
influences and controls the values,
attitudes, and behavior of sub-cultures.
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Walmart: www.walmart.com (学生自己网上找案例）
老师设计3个问题：
1. In its international expansion policy, Wal-Mart
followed the advice of Harvard professor Theodore
Levitt, whose famous 1983 paper The Globalization
of Markets advocated standardization, not
localization: “Gone are accustomed differences in
national or regional preference,”… and truly global
firms sought to “force suitably standardized
products and practices on the entire globe.”
Should companies stick to a standardized
approach or adapt to local markets?
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2. What domestic and global changes are
taking place that encourage the
international expansion of companies
such as Wal-Mart?
3. What other U.S. businesses can you
name that have merged with foreign
companies or expanded to become
multinational in scope? Have you heard of
any notable successes or failures?
Compare and contrast Walmart & Carrefour.