Transcript presentatie college van bestuur

The Future of Copyright
Limitations
Bernt Hugenholtz
Institute for Information Law
University of Amsterdam
www.ivir.nl
Preserve or Abolish
Limitations?
• Users:
– ‘what goes offline, must go online’
• Right holders:
– digital environment allows individual
licensing (‘pay as you go’)
– no need for limitations
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Three Types of Limitations
• Fundamental rights
• Public interest
• Market failure
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Limitations Based on
Fundamental Rights
• Freedom of expression and information
– quotation right, parody
– news reporting
– scientific communication
• Privacy
– private use
• Preserve in digital environment
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Limitations Based on
Public Interest
• Education
– classroom teaching
– compilations
• Culture
– library privileges
– archives, musea
• Re-evaluate in digital environment
– how to delimit limitations?
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Limitations Based on
Market Failure
• Transaction costs prohibit licensing
• Examples:
– In-company photocopying
– Music in small restaurants and bars
• Digital environment favours transactional
models
• Abolish market failure-based limitations
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The Three Step Test
• Art. 13 TRIPs
= 10.2 WIPO Copyright Treaty ( >9.2 BC)
– ‘certain special cases’
– no conflict with normal exploitation
– no prejudice to authors/rights holders
• WTO Panel Decision, June 2000 (EU v. US):
– exemption may not become rule
– validity of public policy objective not tested
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European Copyright Directive
(Common Position)
• Caching and browsing exemption
• ‘Shopping list’ of optional limitations
– exhaustive list, no ‘safety net’ provision
– ‘fair’ remuneration in certain cases
– subject to 3-step test
• Contractual override not prohibited
• Complex anti-circumvention rules
– MS’s may take measures against ‘digital lock-up’
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The Shopping List
• Reproduction
– Reprography
– Private use
– Libraries, schools,
museums, archives
– ‘Ephemeral’ recording
• broadcasting
– Social institutions
• Repro & communication
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Teaching & research
Disabled
News reporting
Criticism, parody
Proceedings
Speeches
Religion
Public places
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Conclusions
• Limitations are here to stay
• Not all limitations are created equal
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