Transcript Communication Strategies

Oral Training & Expressions
2012 New Taipei City Elementary Schools
Pre-service English Teachers Training Program
Class A/B/C
Aug. 21, 22, 23, 2013
Rae Lan, Ph.D.
Foreign Languages & Applied Linguistics
National Taipei University
Email: [email protected]
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Agenda
• Warm-up activity- (AKA film & discussion)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igNGdDIIjCY
• Becoming a fluent & competent speakerUsing Communication Strategies
• Giving oral presentation
• Before, During and After strategies
• 1-2-3-4 speech activity
• Presenting like Steve Jobs (2min salesman)
• Your body language shapes who you areAmy Cuddy (TED talk)
• Communicative
Language Teaching Activities
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Warm-Up Activity
Audrey Keiko Azuma
A short film directed by
Stanley Nakazono
*What is an asianphile?
*What are the two metaphors used
*What is the story about?
Q: What strategies did you apply to help
yourself understand the film?
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
What do competent speakers do?
 Using expectations & context
 Understanding input
 Speaking with a purpose
 Focusing on the main points
 Paying attention to details
 Verbal and non-verbal communication
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Factors Affecting a Speaking Task
Situations
 oral presentation
 real-time communication
Types
of output




Purposes
speech based on a given topic
impromptu speech
casual conversation
discussion based on given topics
 to achieve one-way communication
 to achieve two-way communication
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Communication Strategies
No comprehensive list of strategies has been
agreed on by Second Language Acquisition
researchers, but some commonly-used strategies
have been observed:
 Paraphrasing
 Substitution
 Coining new words
 Language switch
 Asking for clarification
 Non-verbal strategies
 Avoidance 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Communication Strategies
 Paraphrasing- This refers to learners using
different words or phrases to express their
intended meaning. For example, if learners do
not know the word grandfather they may
paraphrase it by saying "my father's father".
 Substitution- Learners may avoid a
problematic word by using a different one, for
example substituting the irregular verb make with
the regular verb ask. The regularity of "ask"
makes it easier 新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
to use correctly.
Communication Strategies
Coining new words- This refers to learners
creating new words or phrases for words that
they do not know. For example, a learner might
refer to an art gallery as a "picture place".
 Language switch- Learners may insert a
word from their first language into a sentence,
and hope that their interlocutor will understand.
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Communication Strategies
 Asking for clarification- The strategy of
asking an interlocutor for the correct word or
other help is a communication strategy.
 Non-verbal strategies- This can refer to
strategies such as the use of gesture and
mime to augment or replace verbal
communication.
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Communication Strategies
 Avoidance- which takes multiple forms, has
been identified as a communication strategy.
Learners of a second language may learn to avoid
talking about topics for which they lack the
necessary vocabulary or other language skills in
the second language. Also, language learners
sometimes start to try to talk about a topic, but
abandon the effort in mid-utterance after
discovering that they lack the language resources
needed to complete their message.[
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Giving oral presentations
• Know the needs of your audience
• Practice and rehearse your speech
• Know what your strong and weak points are.
• Dress appropriately for the occasion.
• Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous.
• Establish rapport with your audience.
• Body language is important.
• Speak with conviction
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Giving oral presentations
• Do not read from notes
• Maintain sincere eye contact
• Speak to your audience, listen to their
questions, respond to their reactions, adjust
and adapt.
• Pause
• Add humor
• Use audio-visual aids
• Have handouts ready
• Know when to STOP talking.
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Before your oral presentation
• P.O.E.M.
• Choose the right topic
• talk about what you know the best
• talk about what you are most interested in
• Search and research information
• Use resources
• people and multimedia
• Practice makes perfect
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
During your oral presentation
• Use a good and effective starter
• Use good connections words
• Use appropriate gestures and body language
• Be confident and act confidently
• Give good eye contact to your audience
• Smiles make a difference
• Use appropriate props
• Time control
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
After your oral presentation
• Finish with a nice touch
• Watch out your courtesy
• Keep smiling and looking confident
• Self-evaluation
• Write down your strengths and weaknesses
• List down what needs to be improved
• Ask for suggestions and feedback
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Real Time Communication
• Predicting about the topic, if possible
• Know your conversation partner(s)
• Pay attention to verbal and non-verbal cues
• facial expression
• gestures and body language
• voice and intonation
• Use expressions to get yourself more time
• Change subject if needed
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
1-2-3-4 Speech Activity
Rotating the two roles
Speaker 1
Commentator 2
Speaker 2
Commentator 3
Speaker 4
Commentator 1
Speaker 3
Commentator 4
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Preparation- Formula language
Opening
Closing
Giving Feedback
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Formula language- Opening
Opening- Attention getters
 Asking a question
 Using statistics
 Giving a quotation
 Making an unusual statement
 Showing a good sense of humor
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Formula language- Closing
Using signaling phrases In conclusion, …
 To sum up, …
 Last but not the least, …
 In a nutshell,
 Thank you for your time & attention
 Do you have any questions?
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Formula language- Giving Feedback
Thank you for a wonderful / insightful / nice speech. I
think you did a fabulous job in using a terrific
attention getter, being very well-organized / wellprepared / well-rehearsed, having great time control,
using effective body language, giving great eyecontact, sharing your personal experience, showing a
very good sense of humor, having rich / informative /
interesting contents. However, I believe you would do
a better job if you could pay more attention to the
_______________
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Making PPT Slides
Avoiding the Pitfalls of Bad Slides
 Outlines
 Slide Structure
 Fonts
 Color
 Background
 Graphs
 Spelling and Grammar
 Conclusions
 Questions
Credits: Avoiding the Pitfalls of Bad Slides
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Effective Public Speaking Strategies
• Introducing the Toastmaster Public Speaking Skills:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AykYRO5d_lI
• Presenting like Steve Jobs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHX-xnP_G5s
• The importance of Body Language in Presentations
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqqiDw58NSE
• Great openings and closings
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyE1Kz0e--0
• Overcoming nerves when giving a presentation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbDipVRt5aE
• 8 Secrets to success
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6bbMQXQ180
• Richard St. John
http://www.richardstjohn.com/content/author/fullbio.php
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Presentation strategies
Presenting like Steve Jobs!
 Set the theme
 Provide an outline
 Open & close each section with a clear transition
 Demonstrate enthusiasm
 Make numbers and statistics meaningful
 Analogies help connect the dots for your audience
 Make it visual
 Paint a simple picture that doesn’t overwhelm
 Give them a show
 Identify your memorable moment & build up to it
 Rehears, Rehearse, and Rehearse
 And one more thing,…
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Topics for Pratice
 What are your strengths as a potential candidate for a
job in tourism industry?
 How do you promote local tourism in your home town?
 Please run the SWOT analysis for tourism in Taiwan?
 What are your tips for successful time management?
 What elements are must for an ideal company you
would like to work for?
 What are the pros and cons of online shopping
 Measuring & rewarding students’ positive performance
 What are the tips for a successful PPT presentation
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Reflection and Self-evaluation
•
•
•
•
An extra role for the 1-2-3-4 Speech activity
Incorporating Technology and Gadget
Record-keeping for self-viewing
Courtesy and Peer Critique
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Wanna Be a Backpacker?
What is “backpacking”?
What is “gap year”?
What does a backpacker do?
What is the major difference between
“backpacking” and “flashpacking”?
 Which three countries are good for
flashpacking?




 Task: Jigsaw Reading (handout)
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
What Makes a Professional
Tour Guide
IInformation
PPoliteness
• Patience
• Perseverance
• Interpersonal
skills
•
•
•
•
•
Knowledge
Certification
Language skill
Confidence
Wellorganized
• Problem
solving skills
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
EEnthusiasm
• Passion
• Compassion
• Detailoriented
What Is Special Interest Tourism?
 What is Special Interest Tours?
 Dark Tourism:
http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/tourism/special/activity/special1.htm
 Task: Defining the various special interest tourism
( pair work / fill in blanks / exchange paper / ask a
question)
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Special Interest Tours
Culinary
Tourism
Backpacking
Agritourism
Sports
Tourism
LGBT
Tourism
Pop Culture
Tourism
Medical
Tourism
Extreme
Tourism
Religious
Tourism
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Dark
Tourism
Space
Tourism
Heritage
Tourism
On-line resources for self study
• TED.com http://www.ted.com/talks
• Amy Cuddy: Your body language shapes who you are
http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are.html
• Yang Lan: The generation that's remaking China
http://www.ted.com/talks/yang_lan.html
• YouTube.com In your Facebook
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvjIs-fBFok
• Voice of America: http://www.voanews.com/
• CNN http://edition.cnn.com/
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習
Assignments
Individual work:
• Please review the videos assigned and apply
strategies learned in preparing for your 3minute speech on any of your preferred topic
Group work:
• Please create a list of classroom English
based on one of the classroom routineswarm-up, review, presentation, practice,
game and activity, wrap-up, homework.
新北市102學年國小英語教師研習