Chapter 2 - Oxford University Press
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Transcript Chapter 2 - Oxford University Press
Understanding Intercultural
Communication Second Edition
Chapter 2
What is Intercultural Communication
Flexibility?
Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig
TODAY’S MENU
I.
Defining Intercultural Communication:
A Process Model
II. Practicing Intercultural Communication
Flexibility
III. Developing Intercultural Communication
Flexibility
IV. Deepening Intercultural Process Thinking
I. Defining ICC: A Process Model
Intercultural communication:
symbolic exchange (digital, analogic)
process (transactional, irreversible)
cultural community
negotiate shared meanings (content, relational,
identity meaning)
• interactive situation (relational, psychological,
physical)
• embedded societal system (multilayered
context)
•
•
•
•
I. Defining ICC: A Process Model
Person A’s
cultural
frame of
reference
Person B’s
cultural
frame of
reference
II. Practicing Intercultural Communication
Flexibility
Introduction Section:
1. Flexible and inflexible intercultural
communication
2. Ethnocentric and ethnorelative
mindset
II. Practicing ICC Flexibility
Ethnocentric mindset…
- Stuck in own cultural worldviews, using our own
cultural values as standards to evaluate others’
behaviors.
- Viewing our cultural way of living as “natural” and
what’s going on in other cultures as “unnatural.”
-
Evaluating the communication norms of our own
cultural group as more “proper.”
-
Acting in a conscious or unconscious manner
in favor of the ingroup standard to the exclusion of
outgroup standard.
II. Practicing ICC Flexibility
Ethnorelative mindset…
- Understanding behavior from the other
person’s cultural frame of reference.
- Suspending ethnocentric, reactive judgments
and engaging in a systematic cross-cultural
comparative analysis.
- Promoting a respectful, inclusive climate via
competent communication skills practice.
II. Practicing ICC Flexibility
A. Three Content Components:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills
B. Three Criteria:
Appropriateness, Effectiveness, and
Adaptability
III. Developing Intercultural Communication
Flexibility
A.
Staircase Model: Four Stages of Flexible
Intercultural Communication
1. Unconscious incompetence: blissfully ignorant
2. *Conscious incompetence: semi-awareness
3. Conscious competence: “full mindfulness”
4. Unconscious competence: “mindlessly mindful”
* Pretty Woman – Which stage are the women in at the store on
Rodeo Drive? What lesson did Julia Roberts teach them?
III. Developing ICC Flexibility
III. Developing ICC Flexibility
Movie Analysis: Outsourced film clip
Questions to think about:
Which stage of the staircase model is Aunty-ji
operating from? How did Todd react to Aunty-ji’s
comments?
Did you find Aunty-ji’s questions too intrusive? What
culture-sensitive information can you use to justify her
questioning?
At what point in the clip did Todd switch from
unconscious incompetence to conscious
incompetence?
Apply the three content components (knowledge,
attitude, and skills) from your chapter to help Todd and
Puro reach the conscious competency stage.
III. Developing ICC Flexibility
B.
A Mindful Perspective: Flexible Communicators:
Attune to their own internal assumptions, values,
and expectations.
• Attend to alternative assumptions, values, and
expectations of the cultural strangers.
• Learn to understand unfamiliar behaviors from
multiple cultural angles.
• Are committed to shift communication styles
when appropriate to the persons, goals, and
cultural context = ICC Flexibility.
•
NACIREMA Application Exercise
Instructions:
-- Need 3 - 5 volunteers to take a walk outside and be
prepared to visit a new culture.
-- Inside the classroom: Get ready to play. Will give
you the Nacireman cultural values and rules.
-- Enjoy! Play out and dramatize your new roles.
IV. Deepening Intercultural Process Thinking
Realize that ICC often involves these principles:
•
Mismatched expectations stem from group differences.
•
Involves degrees of biased intergroup perceptions,
overgeneralizations, stereotypes.
•
Simultaneous decoding and encoding of verbal/nonverbal
messages.
•
Multiple goal transactions: content, relational, identity.
•
Calls for understanding of diverse communication
approaches and styles.
•
Often involves well-meaning culture bumps or clashes.
•
Always takes place in context and in embedded systems.
IV. Deepening Intercultural Process Thinking
Mindfulness
Flexibility
Parting Thoughts…
A traveler without observation
is like a bird without wings…
~ Author unknown