Transcript PPoint97 slides

Requirements Engineering
Lecture 5
Personality issues
[email protected]
www.cs.put.poznan.pl/jnawrocki/mse/quality/
Copyright, 2000 © Jerzy R. Nawrocki
Plan of the lecture
• Introduction
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Private victory principles
Public victory principles
The emotional bank account
Six major deposits
Think win / win
Empathic communication
Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Introduction
Success
Requirements Engineering =
Collaborative work
The main problem:
interpersonal communication
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Introduction
Some good practices in RE
Be sensitive to organisational and
political considerations

Sommerville
& Sawyer
Identify & consult system
stakeholders
Plan for conflicts and conflict
resolution
Use multi-disciplinary teams to
review requirements
Collect requirements from
multiple viewpoints
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Introduction
Kinds of meetings
• Requirements elicitation (?)
• Requirements negotiation
(conflicts)
• Requirements review
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Introduction
The seven habits
Sharpen the saw
Seek first to understand ..
Think win / win
Begin with the end in mind
Be proactive
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private
Put first things first
Public
Synergize
Plan of the lecture
• Introduction
• Private victory principles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Public victory principles
The emotional bank account
Six major deposits
Think win / win
Empathic communication
Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private victory principles
Be proactive
Reactive language
There’s nothing I can do.
That’s just the way I am.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Proactive language
Let’s look at our
alternatives. I can choose
a different approach.
Private victory principles
Begin with the end in mind
Leadership  management
“Management is doing things
right; leadership is doing the
right things.”
- Peter Drucker & Warren Bennis
Leadership: defining the aims
and setting the goals
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private victory principles
Begin with the end in mind
Effectiveness vs. efficiency
The visualisation technique
All things are created twice
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private victory principles
Begin with the end in mind
Visualisation & affirmation
A good affirmation is
It is deeply satisfying
• personal
(emotional) that I (personal)
respond (present tense) with • positive
wisdom, love, firmness and
• in present tense
self-control (positive) when my • visual
team-mates misbehave.
• emotional
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private victory principles
Put first things first
•
•
•
•
•
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Keep track of time use.
Don’t put things off.
Set deadlines.
Divide up large tasks.
Don’t over-schedule the day.
Private victory principles
Not urgent
Important
I
II
Crises, pressing problems,
deadline-driven projects
Prevention, relationship
building, planning,
recreation, recognising new
opportunities
Not important
Urgent
III
IV
Interruptions, some calls,
some mail, some reports,
some meetings, pressing
matters, popular activities
Trivia, busy work, some
mail, some phone calls,
time wasters, pleasant
activities
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private victory principles
Put first things first
Five aspects of stewardship delegation
• Desired results
• Guidelines
• Resources
• Accountability
• Consequences
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Plan of the lecture
• Introduction
• Private victory principles
• Public victory principles
•
•
•
•
•
The emotional bank account
Six major deposits
Think win / win
Empathic communication
Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Public victory principles
The seven habits
Sharpen the saw
Seek first to understand ..
Think win / win
Begin with the end in mind
Be proactive
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Private
Put first things first
Public
Synergize
Plan of the lecture
• Introduction
• Private victory principles
• Public victory principles
• The emotional bank account
•
•
•
•
Six major deposits
Think win / win
Empathic communication
Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
The emotional bank account
Deposits
Credit
Withdrawals
Debit
Courtesy
Discourtesy
Kindness
Disrespect
Honesty
Ignoring someone
Keeping commitments
Overreacting
When the trust account is high, communication is easy.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
The emotional bank account
If my emotional bank account is overdrawn ..
.. the trust gets very low;
Credit
0
Debit
Huge
.. I’m loosing flexibility;
.. I have to measure every word;
.. communication gets difficult;
.. live gets difficult.
Results: tension at work, broken marriage, ..
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Plan of the lecture
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Private victory principles
Public victory principles
The emotional bank account
• Six major deposits
• Think win / win
• Empathic communication
• Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Six major deposits
Understanding the individual
Deposit = withdrawal ?
A universal deposit:
accepting other person’s values
Do unto others as you would have
others do unto you.
Do unto others as others did unto you.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Six major deposits
Attending to the little things
Big credit
Big debit
Little kindness
Small discourtesy
Little courtesy
Little unkindness
Little things = Big things
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Six major deposits
Keeping a promise
I will write this
program in a week
Promises and commitments are
very important.
How to make reliable commitments
in Software Engineering?
PSP, Function Points, COCOMO, ..
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Six major deposits
Clarifying expectations
I’m for capitalism.
I want to get rich!
Expectations are implicit.
The deposit is to make them explicit.
Unclear expectation  personality clashes
Requirements engineering
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Six major deposits
Showing personal integrity
Great idea!
Integrity  honesty
Lack of integrity = duplicity
Be loyal to those who are absent.
How stupid!
Courtesy is not lack of integrity.
Criticise a solution, not a person.
Appreciate somebody’s effort.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Six major deposits
Apologising sincerely when you make a withdrawal
Credit
It was my fault.
It’s OK.
I was wrong.
That was unkind of me.
People with little internal
security can’t apologise.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Plan of the lecture
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Private victory principles
Public victory principles
The emotional bank account
Six major deposits
• Think win / win
• Empathic communication
• Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Think win / win
Mutual benefit.
My success does not exclude
your success.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Think win / win
Win / lose = paradigm
of sport races:
“If I win, you lose.”
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
“I lose, you win. I’m a loser.”
Danger: Unexpressed
feelings never die!
Think win / win
How to win a call for tender?
How to estimate time and cost to win?
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Plan of the lecture
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Private victory principles
Public victory principles
The emotional bank account
Six major deposits
Think win / win
• Empathic communication
• Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Empathic communication
Seek first to understand
Levels of listening:
• ignoring
• pretending
• selective listening
• empathic listening
Understanding and perception
(in SE: CORE or PREview)
Then seek to be understood
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Plan of the lecture
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Private victory principles
Public victory principles
The emotional bank account
Six major deposits
Think win / win
Empathic communication
• Synergize
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Synergize
Synergy:
whole > part1 + part2 + .. + partn
Synergy:
to build on strengths and
to compensate for weaknesses.
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Summary
• Our partner is like the
emotional bank account: we
can make emotional deposits
and withdrawals.
• Public victory needs:
thinking win / win or no deal
empathic communication
synergy
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Further readings

• S.R. Covey, The Seven Habits
of Highly Effective People,
Simon & Schuster, London,
1992
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,
Quality assessment
1. What is your general
impression? (1 - 6)
2. Was it too slow or too fast?
3. What important did you learn
during the lecture?
4. What to improve and how?
J. Nawrocki, Requirements Eng..,