Transcript Unit 3 Empires of India and Chinax

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Unit 3
Empires of India and China
 Write
all words, phrases or sentences in
bold on your side notes
 Answer questions as indicated on slide in
your notes
 Complete activity sheets
 Complete map
 Mid-week Groups – timeline, posters,
drama – play, poem, or monologue of
your choosing
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We are as we think we are.
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The way we think is reflected in how we live. In all
countries - cities, governments, religions, social
structures, art, dramas, literature, math, and
sciences are developed by because of the way
people think and believe.
As we learn about the ancient empires of India
and China, you will discover that they struggled
with the same issues that we do today.
They asked the same questions of life.
They questioned why things are as they are and
worked to make them better. Along the way, they
changed the world.
So, for the next two weeks we will examine and
analyze the people of ancient India and China
and discover how we are the same and different.
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Let the fun begin!!
India’s First Empires
Mauryan
Kushan
Gupta
1000 B.C.–500 A.D.
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Hinduism and Buddhism
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of the world’s major religions,
Hinduism and Buddhism, began in India.
Both were crucial in shaping civilization in
India. Aryan beliefs blended with the
religious practices of the Dravidians to
form Hinduism.
 Ayran settlers influenced Hindu beliefs
and caste system.
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After watching the video
Discuss/Answer the Questions in your notes:
 How
was early Indian culture influenced
by religion and social structure?
 How did ideas and events during the
Mauryan and Gupta Empires affect
India’s development?
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Content Vocabulary
Write each word in your notes
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varnas the name given by Aryans in ancient India to a group of people in
what was believed to be an ideal social structure of four groups
caste system a set of rigid categories in ancient India determined at birth a
person’s occupation, economic , and social structure.
Hinduism the major Indian religious system, which had its origins in the religious
beliefs of the Aryans who settled in India after 1500 B.C.
yoga a method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead
to oneness with Brahman
reincarnation the rebirth of an individual’s soul in a different form after death
karma in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines
how the person will be reborn in the next life
dharma in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma; it requires all people to
do their duty based on their status in society
emerge to become manifest; to become known
process a series of actions or operations necessary to meet a specified end
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Hinduism
Religion and the Caste System
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Between 1500 B.C. and 400 B.C., the spread of the
Aryans and their interaction with indigenous
Dravidians gave rise to a new culture on the Indian
subcontinent.
This new culture built on the Aryan idea that society
was divided into four varnas or ranked social
groupings.
The varnas formed the foundation of the caste
system; the caste system, based partly on skin color,
and predetermined a person’s occupation and
economic mobility.
The Caste system was characterized by Karma the
belief that people were born into their social class.
As a government, Hinduism also forms the social
structure of India as a way to lead and manage
people.
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Hinduism
Hinduism contains four Varnas
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Evidence for Hindu beliefs came from the Vedas,
an ancient collection of hymns and ceremonies
passed down orally.
Early Hindus believed that the duty of the
individual was to achieve oneness with Brahman,
the achievement of ultimate reality.
To achieve oneness with Brahman, Hindus
developed the practice of yoga, which means
“union.” Yoga is a method of training designed to
lead to union with Brahman.
4 Varnas - Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and
Shudra
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Pyramid of caste system in India
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Early Practice of Hinduism
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During the 6th century, Hinduism developed humanlike
gods and the concept of reincarnation. The belief that the
individual soul is reborn in a different form after death.
Important to reincarnation is the idea of karma. Karma
refers to how a person’s actions in this life help determine
the position into which the person will be reborn in the next
life.
The concept of karma is ruled by the dharma, or divine law.
The law requires all people to do their duty. People’s duties
vary, depending on their social status. Those high on the
social scale, such as the Brahmins, are held to higher
standards than the lower classes.
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Discussion questions
Answer the 2nd question in your notes
 How
was religion connected to the caste
system?
 What determined your social structure
status according to Hinduism and could
you move up?
 Is there something similar to a caste
system in our civilization?
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Class Activity
 Complete
ACTIVITY 1: Origins of Hindu
India
 Clearly label the following 14 countries on
your map:
 Europe, Greece, Arabian Peninsula,
Egypt, Persia, India, Russia, Mongolia,
China, Southeast Asia, Malaya, Taiwan,
Korea, and Japan.
Religion and
Social Structure
of India
Develops
Buddhism and Hinduism
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After watching the video
Discuss and Answer the Question:
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Is Buddhism a religion, philosophy, or a
therapy to ease the mind, or all three and
why?
Calm and clarity of the mind are the key
elements for practitioners.
Buda forbade his image to be worshipped or
for his image to be copied.
Buddhism was lost for many centuries. During
the 1860s, archeologist discovered its origins
and practices.
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Content Vocabulary
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Buddhism a religious doctrine introduced in
northern India in the sixth century B.C. by
Siddhārtha Gautama, known as the Buddha,
or “Enlightened One”
Nirvana in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end
of the self and a reunion with the Great World
Soul
Academic Vocabulary
devote to commit by solemn act
rigid inflexible, unyielding
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Siddhārtha
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In the sixth century B.C. a new philosophical
doctrine appeared in northern India.
This new doctrine was born out of Hinduism
and was founded by a wealthy prince,
Siddhārtha Gautama. It was called Buddhism.
Siddhārtha became disillusioned with tradition
and the material world in his late twenties and
embarked on a personal journey to find the
meaning of life.
After attaining enlightenment through
meditation, he devoted his life to spreading
and teaching what he had discovered.
These teachings became the basic principles
of Buddhism.
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Four Noble Truths and Eightfold or Middle Path
Ending the cycle of human suffering
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The Buddha’s wisdom is codified in the Four
Noble Truths and Eightfold or Middle Path.
The purpose of following the Eightfold is to
end the cycle of human suffering and to
achieve enlightenment, or ultimate reality.
The Buddha accepted many central ideas of
Hinduism, like reincarnation, but rejected
other Hindu ideas like the caste system and
humanlike gods.
When Siddhārtha Guatama died around 483
B.C. his followers spread the philosophy of
Buddhism throughout India.
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Summarizing the Buddha's original
teachings
 Reject
blind adherence to tradition,
authority, and religious ritual.
 Deny the existence of the supernatural, a
personal god, and a personal soul.
 Do not think about the possibility of an
afterlife.
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The Four Noble Truths
Write these in your notes
 Ordinary
life is full of suffering.
 Suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy
ourselves.
 The way to end suffering is to end the
desire for selfish goals to see others as
extensions of ourselves.
 The way to end desire is to follow the
middle or eight fold path.
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The Eightfold Path
Write the words in bold in your notes
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Right view: We need to know the Four Noble Truths
Right intention: We need to decide what we really want
Right speech: We must seek to speak truth and to speak well of
others
Right action: The Buddha gave 5 precepts: Do not kill. Do not
steal. Do not lie. Do not be unchaste. Do not take drugs or drink
alcohol
Right livelihood: We must do work that lifts up our being
Right effort: Buddha said, “ Those who follow the Way might well
follow the example of an ox that arches through deep mud
carrying a heavy load. He is tired, but his steady, forward-looking
gaze will not relax until he comes out of his mind.
Right mindfulness: We must keep our minds in control of our
senses: “All we are is the result of what we have thought”
Right concentration: We must mediate to see the world in a new
way
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How might Buddhism cause a change in the
social structure of a civilization and why?
Use the information in the 2nd bullet to form your answer.
 Spiritual
tradition based on the ideas of
the Buddha differ from Hinduism
 The Buddha’s teachings encourage a
reliance on individual thought rather than
dogma.
 Hinduism focuses on strict adherence to
the divine law.
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Comparison of
Hinduism and Buddhism
Use this information for your Venn diagram
Buddhism
Hinduism
No historical leader
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in sixth
century B.C.
Brahman supreme reality manifested
in many gods
Nontheistic
Reincarnation with goal of higher
rebirth leading to release from birth
Reincarnation with goal of nirvana or
extinction of self
Reinforced varna system
Emphasis on religious ritual
Reinforced varna system
Little emphasis on rituals
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Class Activity
 Complete
ACTIVITY 2: Venn diagram of
Hinduism and Buddhism
 Clearly label the 7 water ways and 3
geographical elements on your map.
 Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean,
Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, East
China Sea, Pacific Ocean,
 Tibet Plateau, Himalaya Mtns., Gobi
Desert
The Mauryan
and Gupta
Empires
India and the Golden Age
320 BC – 550 AD
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Mauryan and Gupta Empires
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Mauryan Empire 322 BC to 185 BC
Gupta Empire
320 AD to 550 AD
Although the greatest empires of India were
not very long, they greatly influenced the
world in many ways.
Trade – art- mathematics, science, bridges
and much more.
Persians conquered the Kushan Empire in 300
AD ushering in the Gupta Empire
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Asoka – The Emperor of War and Peace
Answer the questions in your notes
 Watch
the Mauryan Empire
 http://www.neok12.com/video/History-ofIndia/zX067f7e500e5f6a026f5851.htm
Discuss/answer the following:
 How did the experience of war change
India’s Emperor Asoka and why?
 Name the advantage of using elephants
instead of horses in war?
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Gupta Empire: The Golden
Age of India
 Video
of Gupta Empire
 http://www.neok12.com/video/History-ofIndia/zX60596e62445d5c584c4e55.htm
Discuss the following:
 Explain how the Gupta Empire trade
routes led to the Golden Age of India and
why?
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The Mauryan Empire
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Maurya was a skilled military leader and politician.
He expanded the Kingdom of Magadha into the
Mauryan Empire.
Maurya developed infrastructure such as roads, bridges,
and a post office, that would help his empire to flourish
for almost 150 years.
Maurya’s grandson Asoka began his rule as a brutal
warlord. His military expanded the borders of the empire
to include two thirds of the Indian subcontinent.
Later in life, Asoka grew tired of war and became
converted to Buddhism. He taught his people to be kind
to others and to have regard for human life. Under his
rule, Buddhist teachers were able to spread Buddhism far
and wide.
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Ancient Indian Architecture. Famous Hindu
Akshardham temple in South Delhi
Intricate architecture is similar to what other
culture?
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The end of the Mauryan Empire and a
return to the city-states
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the death of Asoka, the Mauryan
empire entered a period of decline. His
successors levied heavy taxes on the
people. Their harsh treatment caused the
people to turn against their Mauryan
masters. The last Mauryan king was
murdered in 184 B.C., which ended the
Mauryan Empire. The region again
returned to the control of small city-states.
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The Gupta Empire
The Golden Age of
Ancient India
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490 years following the fall of the
Mauryan Empire, the Indian people would
remain under the rule of small city-states.
Then, in 310 A.D., a new leader emerged
who would begin again to unify India.
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Under the rule of Chandragupta
Gupta Empire – The Golden Age
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Under the rule of Chandragupta and his
descendants, the people of the Gupta Empire
flourished. Great advances in art, math and science
were made during the Gupta Empire. For this reason,
many historians refer to this time period as the golden
era of Indian history.
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The Gupta Empire existed at the same time as the
Roman Empire. While we cannot say for sure, the two
probably knew of each other. The Gupta Empire
covered about two thirds of modern India and parts
of modern day Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The
Gupta Empire lasted from about 320 BC to about 500
BC. It dominated northern India.
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The Golden Age of India
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People were for the most part safe and
prosperous. Gupta Empires is called the "Golden
Age" of ancient India because of peace and
prosperity. The people had religious freedom.
Hinduism spread, and was the preferred religion,
but Buddhism flourished as well.
Provided simple health care for free. Writers, artists
and musicians were paid to produce their art.
Most people were not educated, but the higher
castes were, and the universities of Gupta were so
famous that scholars from China came there to
learn.
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Ancient Sanskrit
Gupta Empire developed Sanskrit
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Math and Science, Education, Government, Law
Gupta Empire Golden Age
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The contributions of the Gupta Empire include the iron
pillar, an educational system, a judicial system, an
administrative system, mathematics and astronomy.
The Gupta Empire developed Sanskrit and made a
great impact in social, cultural and political spheres.
Algebra and the concept of zero, contributed to the
theory that Earth was round and not flat, and
propounded the theory of gravity.
A decentralized leadership system that helped the
leaders rule effectively, education for women, and a
hierarchic judicial system to enforce justice.
Great advances in math, science, medicine, art,
drama, and literature.
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Class Activity
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Complete ACTIVITY 3: Mauryan and Gupta Worksheet
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Clearly label the 7 cities, color Empires, and Silk Road on your
map.
Purusapura, Pataliputra, Luoyang, Guangzhou, Tianshan,
Taklumakan, Kunlunshan
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Mauryan Empire – light blue
Kushan Empire – orange
Gupta Empire – color purple and identify with purple line
Area in common to Kushan & Mauryan – brown stripes
Han Empire – green
Qin Empire – darker orange
Area in common to Qin & Han Empires – purple stripes
Silk Road - red
China’s First
Empires
Qin, Han, Tang,
Song
Confucianism, Daoism,
Legalism, Great Wall of
China, Silk Road
550 BC
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China
Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
Three schools of thought for a stable culture
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Zhou Dynasty – warring between states 403 BC - 221 BC
The last 200 years of the Zhou dynasty brought bitter civil
wars. The people were hungry for peace and stability.
The Qin Dynasty lead by Emperor Qin created an era of
unity. This also ends the Dynasty era and ushers in the Han
Empire lasting 400 years.
Between 500 BC and 200 BC three schools emerge
addressing the nature of human beings and the universe.
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All three focused on material world and social stability
While Hindus and Buddhists focused on freeing the human
soul and the cycle of rebirth, Chinese philosophers were
more concerned about the material world and creating a
stable society.
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Content Vocabulary
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Confucianism: a way of life, philosophy, and religion
taught by Confucius in the 6th–5th century BC
Daoism: Created by Tao Te Ching in the 6th century
BC emphasizing spiritual harmony within the
individual, complementing Confucianism's focus on
social duty.
Legalism: Developed at the end of Zhou dynasty.
Believes humans are evil in nature and only harsh
laws correct their actions.
Great Wall of China: Started Qin Empire 259 BC,
consists of numerous walls and fortification to prevent
incursions from barbarian nomads. Took a thousand
years to build.
Silk Road: a route between the Roman Empire and
China.
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Located mostly in Asia
Named Silk Road because silk was China’s most
valuable product.
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After watching the video
Questions to consider:
 How
did Confucianism alter the
governmental structure of China?
 Why do you suppose he never found his
ideal leader?
 Do you know a Qin in your life?
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Great Wall of China
 http://www.history.com/topics/great-wall-
of-china/videos/seven-wonders-thegreatwall?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=
1&free=false
 Represents
greatness.
the essences of China and its
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Qin Unifies China
Qin was cruel while changing the government
and social structure of China
 Qin worked to unify China economically
and geographically.
 Left behind a wealth of information for
historians and archaeologists.
 Initiated a the Great Wall to keep out
invaders near China’s northern frontier.
 Made many administrative and political
changes in China.
 The dynasty collapsed after his death.
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The Han Dynasty
Change too Fast Creates Chaos and Disorder
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Han adopted Confucianism replacing legalism of
Qin as the new state philosophy
New technologies contributed economic
success – paper Silk road develops opening trade across Asia
and expanding empire
Chinese culture flourished, marking it as a
classical civilization
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Replaced republic with kingdoms, provinces
and counties
Division of central government into military, civil
service, and censorate
Han had higher population and density
compared to Roman Empire
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Schools of Thought in Ancient China
As You Think is as You Do
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teachings of Confucius were focused
on duty and humanity. He considered the
Zhou Dynasty as the Golden Age.
 The philosophy of Daoism presents proper
forms of human behavior.
 Legalism proposed that society needed a
strong ruler to keep people serving his
interests.
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As the Zhou dynasty collapsed, three
schools of thoughts emerged to help
promote social stability
Way to Improve Social
Stability
Quotation
Philosophy
Confucianism
Work to carry out duty
to humanity
“If there is harmony in the home,
there will be order in the nation.”
Rule with strict law
“The universe is sacred… If you try to
change it, you will ruin it.”
Legalism
Do not interfere with the
natural order.
“Laws exist to love people; rites exist
to make affairs go smoothly.”
Daoism
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Confucianism
 Confucianism:
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Collected in the Analects
Focuses on the political and ethical rather
than the spiritual
Emphasis on duty and the Five Constant
Relationships
Call for humanity, compassion, and
empathy
Advocates of rule by merit, not by noble
birth
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The Five Constant Relationships
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Tang Dynasty 618-907 AD
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Tang developed a steelmaking process,
cotton clothing, and gunpowder weapons.
Improved farming techniques and land
reform
Government examination system, rebuilt
bureaucracy
Philosophy Buddhism supported than
opposed
Downfall/Destruction economic difficulties,
warlords take control
Internal/External Threats - weak emperors,
nomadic invasions
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The Song Dynasty 960 AD – 1279 AD
Economic prosperity
Brilliant cultural achievements
 Land
reforms and improved farming methods led
to an abundance of food.
 Trade
flourished as private merchants became
active and guilds grew.
 Banking
emerged as a money economy
continued to develop.
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Paper money replaced copper coins and taxes payed
with money and no longer grain.
 Architects
designed beautiful palaces, temples,
and pagodas.
 Music
was popular, and new forms of poetry
developed.
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Class Activity
 Complete
ACTIVITY 4: Chinese Dynasties
 Continue working map on your map
 Complete your notes
 Complete for homework
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Monday - Activity in-class
Read the biography on Confucius and answer the
questions.
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Why would the government resist Confucius?
Why is he viewed as a radical?
2. Be ready to read out loud the quotes from Confucius.
What does he mean when he says, “In
whatever direction the wind blows, the grass always
bends.” He is not talking about real grass.”
3. Confucius believed that respect for parents and
elders and family honor was a virtue called filial piety.
4. He believed that proper behavior of each family
member created harmony in society.
5. The Five Relationships helped to solve the problem of
inner conflict among people and social structures and
provided a code of behavior for right living.
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Tuesday – What is used today
from Ancient China?
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Use the Chinese Dynasties and The Middle
Kingdom handouts for your information
Complete the Sill Road and Chinese Society sheet
and fill-in-the-blank in your group. Please use your
phone.
Keep in mind:
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Mathematics and technology
3 religions
Printing, drilling wells, making iron are just some of
the technical knowledge we got from China.
What else can you think of that we have gotten
from ancient China.
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Wed/Thursday
 After
watching the video discuss the Silk
Road and the collapse of China.
 What did Marco Polo find so amazing as
he travels across Asia?
 How did his book of travel change the
world?
 Work in groups and complete all activity
sheets, posters, timelines,
 Use your phones to find information.