Transcript Early Civilization in China

Ancient India and China
(2600 –550 C.E. )
You will
need
5-O
CLOZE
notes
Rise of Civilization in China
(projected 3-4 class periods)
1
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Understand how geography influenced early Chinese
civilization
Analyze how Chinese culture took shape under the Shang
and Zhou dynasties
List some achievements made in early China
Describe the religions and belief systems that developed in
early China
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Geography of China 2:50
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I. General Information on China
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Located in the Eastern Hemisphere
Second largest country in Asia
Second largest country in the world
80% of China’s population lives on ¼ of the land along the
coastal areas and rivers
Varied Climate
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http://geology.com/world/china-satellite-image.shtml
Objective One
Understand how geography influenced early Chinese civilization
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II. Geography of China
A.
Geographic Isolation :
1.
Causes:
a.
West & Southwest: - Tian Shan & Himalaya Mountains
http://www.danwei.org/china_information/map_of_china.php
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II. Geography of China
A.
Geographic Isolation :
1.
Causes:
a.
West & Southwest: -- Tian Shan & Himalaya Mountains
b.
North: Gobi Deserts
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http://japanfocus.org/data/china%20area%20map.jpg
II. Geography of China
A.
Geographic Isolation :
1.
Causes:
a.
West & Southwest: -- Tian Shan & Himalaya Mountains
b.
North: Gobi Deserts
c.
Southeast: Thick rainforests
The tropical seasonal rain forest in southern Yunnan, China
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http://tropicalconservationscience.mongabay.com/content/v1/08-03-03-Hua.htm
I. Geography of China
A.
Geographic Isolation :
1.
Causes:
a.
West & Southwest: -- Tian Shan & Himalaya Mountains
b.
North: Gobi Deserts
c.
Southeast: Thick Rain forests
d.
East: Pacific Ocean
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I. Geography of China
A.
Geographic Isolation :
2.
Effect:
a.
Ethnocentrism: belief that your ethnicity is superior
1) Therefore, China center of the earth, and
2) Sole source of civilization
b.
Ancient Chinese referred to their land as the Middle
Kingdom
c.
However, some contact with peoples outside their
country; Chinese goods found in Middle East and
beyond.
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I. Geography of China
A.
B.
Geographic Isolation
Other geographic features
1.
Heartland of China lays along the east coast and the
valleys of the Huang and Chang Rivers
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http://chindialounge.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/10/chinamap.jpg
I. Geography of China
A.
B.
Geographic Isolation
Other geographic features
2.
Outlying regions include Xinjiang, Mongolia, and
Manchuria
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http://chindialounge.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/10/chinamap.jpg
I. Geography of China
A.
B.
Geographic Isolation
Other geographic features
3.
Himalayan Region of Tibet
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http://chindialounge.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/10/chinamap.jpg
II. Geography of China
C.
The River of Sorrows aka Huang River aka Yellow River
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http://www.carto.net/neumann/travelling/china_tibet_2001/12_flight_to_tibet_lhas
a/04_yellow_river.jpg
II. Geography of China
C.
The River of Sorrows aka Huang River aka Yellow River
1.
Neolithic farmers settled in Huang River Valley
2.
Large water projects to control flow of river led to the
rise of a strong, central government
3.
Loess, fine yellow silt, settles to the bottom of the river
bottom and raises the water level. When it rained
heavily, this caused the river to swell and flood the land.
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http://www.chinahighlights.com/images/travelguide1/special-regions/yellow-river/yellowrivertransportation/6yellow-river-transportation.jpg
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Objective Two
Analyze how Chinese culture took shape under the Shang and
Zhou dynasties
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
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China’s First Dynasty 5:14
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The Shang controlled ____ China.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Northern
Southern
Eastern
Western
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The Shang ruled for _____ years.
A.
B.
C.
D.
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60
600
6,000
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What gave the first clue that the
Shang actually existed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A bronze urn
An oracle bone
A statue
A body
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
A.
Location:
1.
Corner of Northern China, along Huang River
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http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/map/ancient/neolithic-map-china1.gif
III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
A.
Location:
1.
Corner of Northern China, along Huang River
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http://www.chinahighlights.com/map/ancient-china-map/shang-dynasty-map.htm
III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
A.
Location
1.
Corner of Northern China, along Huang River
2.
Walled capital city at Anyang enabled the Shang to drive
off nomads from the northern steppes and deserts.
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http://www.chinapicturespub.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/anyang-yin-ruins.jpg
III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
B.
Government
1.
Large palaces and rich tombs
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Fu Hao: Female Warrior Leader 3:15
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Road to the Afterlife
(stop when screen fades to black 1:00)
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
B.
Government
1.
Large palaces and rich tombs
a.
Fu Hao, wife of king
1)
Artifacts: she owned land, helped lead army which led to the
suggestion that noblewomen may have high status during
Shang
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http://www.radio86.co.uk/gallery?story=5851
http://www.radio86.co.uk/gallery?page=1&story=5851&img=5850
III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
B.
Government
2.
Kings probably only controlled a small area
3.
Princes & nobles loyal to the Shang Dynasty governed
most of the land
4.
Princes & nobles were most likely the heads of important
clans, groups of families who claim a common ancestor.
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
C.
Social Classes
1.
Alongside royal family was a class of noble warriors
who owned the land.
a.
Shang warriors used leather armor, bronze weapons,
& horse-drawn chariots (conjecture : learned from
other Asian peoples).
b.
Noble families lived in large timber or stone houses.
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E)
C.
Social Classes
1.
Alongside royal family was a class of noble warriors who
owned the land.
2.
Artisans and Merchants
a.
Artisans produced goods for nobles including bronze
weapons, silk robes, and jade jewelry
b.
Merchants organized trade & exchanged food and
local artisans’ handiwork for salt, shells, other good
not available in NE China
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
C.
Social Classes
3.
Peasants
a.
Majority of population
b.
Clustered together in farming villages
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
C.
Social Classes
3.
Peasants
c.
Lived in thatch-roofed pit houses that preserved heat
in the winter and remained cool in the summer
d.
Grueling life where all family members worked in the
fields, used stone tools to prepare ground for planting
or to harvest grain.
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III. China Under the Shang
(1650 – 1027 B.C.E.)
C.
Social Classes
3.
Peasants
e.
When not in fields, peasants had to repair the dikes.
f.
If a war broke out between noble families, men had to
fight alongside their lords.
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IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
A.
Zhou overthrow Shang
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http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/map/ancient/neolithic-map-china1.gif
IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
A.
Zhou overthrow Shang
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http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/map/ancient/shang-dynasty-map1.gif
IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
A.
Zhou overthrow Shang
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http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/map/ancient/eastern-zhou-dynasty-map1.gif
IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
A.
B.
Zhou overthrow Shang
Use Mandate of Heaven,
or divine right to rule, to
justify rebellion
http://china.mrdonn.org/mandat2.gif
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IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
A.
B.
C.
Zhou overthrow Shang
Mandate of Heaven, or
divine right to rule, to
justify rebellion
Mandate of Heaven
used to explain the
Dynastic Cycle, or the
rise & fall of dynasties.
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http://web1.caryacademy.org/facultywebs/matthew_ripley
moffit/dynasticcycle.gif
IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
D.
Established feudalism, “a system of government in which
local lords governed their own lands but owed military
service and other forms of support to the ruler” (Ellis 95).
1.
Rulers held power, prestige for 250 of 850 year dynasty
2.
Power shifts to feudal lords who own the land and have
peasants work it for them.
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IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
E.
Economy booms
1.
Increase in agricultural production
a.
Work iron skillfully: iron axes & ox-drawn iron
plows
b.
Feudal lords ordered irrigation projects
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IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
E.
Economy booms
2.
Commerce expands
a.
Money used for first time
1) Trade easier with money
b.
Feudal lords ordered new roads,
canals
http://www.asiawind.com/antiques/c3-1.jpg
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IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
E.
Economy booms
3.
Population increases
a.
Moves from
Huang River to
central China to
Chang River
basin
http://cms.westport.k12.ct.us/cmslmc/images/yangtz1.jpg 44
IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
E.
Economy booms
3.
Population increases
b.
Feudal lords
expand territory;
send their people to
inhabit conquered
areas
http://cms.westport.k12.ct.us/cmslmc/images/yangtz1.jpg 45
IV. China under the Zhou
(1122 – 256 B.C.E.)
F.
Decline
1.
256 B.C.E. Zhou China large, wealthy, developed
2.
Emperor weak, cannot control feudal lords who fight for
among selves for control
a.
One feudal lord wants political unity which causes the
end of the Zhou dynasty and the beginning of the Qin
dynasty
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Objective Three
List some achievements made in early China
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V. Achievements in early China
A.
Writing
1.
Began approximately 4,000 years ago
2.
Oracle bones – Shang priests wrote questions to gods on
them
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http://jodi.tamu.edu/Articles/v03/i02/Ho/jiagu-0.jpg
Bones Used to Predict the Future [02:13]
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Communication with the Spirit World [02:04]
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Shang Oracle bone and diagram
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http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/shnagbon.jpg
V. Achievements in early China
A.
Writing
3.
Pictographs, drawings of objects, and ideographs,
drawings that expressed a thought or idea
4.
Tens of thousands of Chinese characters
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http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/02127/chinese-characters.jpg
V. Achievements in early China
A.
Writing
5.
Help unify people
a.
Spoken languages varied
b.
Written language the same
6.
First books made under the Zhou
a.
Thin strips of wood or bamboo, bound together
b.
Book of Songs – poems about life
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V. Achievements in early China
B.
Silk-making – 2640 B.C.E.
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Silk (1:8)
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V. Achievements in early China
B.
Silk-making – 2640 B.C.E.
1. Cultivated mulberry trees and silk worms
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Silkwormheadsm.jpg
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V. Achievements in early China
C.
Shang (1650 – 1027 B.C.E)
1.
Astronomers study movement of planets, recorded
eclipses
2.
Created accurate calendar -- 365 ¼ days
3.
Improved art and technology of bronze-making
a.
Weapons
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Bronze yuè pole-axes
bronze battle axe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hache_Yue_Mus%C3%A9e_Guim
et_1107.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_Chi
na_exhibit_-_bronze_battle_axe.jpg
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V. Achievements in early China
C.
Shang (1650 – 1027 B.C.E)
1.
Astronomers study movement of planets, recorded
eclipses
2.
Created accurate calendar -- 365 ¼ days
3.
Improved art and technology of bronze-making
a.
Weapons
b.
Ritual vessels
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Shang dynasty
Ritual vessels
http://www.hp.uab.edu/image_archive/uab/index.html
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/sh
ang1.gif
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http://u21museums.unimelb.edu.au/museumcollections/hongkong/images/20-bronze-gui.jpg
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Objective Four
Describe the religions and belief systems that developed in early
China
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Complex religious beliefs
Polytheistic  many gods & nature spirits
Shang Di & a mother goddess brought plants and animals to
Earth
King was seen as the link between the people and Shang Di,
who would not listen to ordinary people
“Ancestor worship” or veneration of ancestors  influence
the gods to bring good fortune
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
F.
Two major philosophies, system of ideas,
developed during late Zhou dynasty when the
constant chaos of war and social changes
brought the need for social order and good
government
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Confucianism [01:17]
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
F.
Two major philosophies, system of ideas,
developed during late Zhou dynasty when the
constant chaos of war and social changes
brought the need for social order and good
government
1.
Confucius (551 – 479 B.C.E.) – the same
time as Siddhartha and Socrates
a.
Concerned with worldly goals not
spiritual matters such as salvation
b.
Followers wrote his sayings down in the
Analects
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi
a/en/8/85/Confuciusstatue.jpg
VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
1.
Confucius …
c.
Believed that harmony resulted when
people accepted their place in society
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
1.
Confucius …
1)
Five Key Relationships
a)
Father to Son
b)
Elder Brother to
Younger Brother
c)
Husband to Wife
d)
Ruler to Subject
e)
Friend to Friend*
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
1.
Confucius …
2)
Filial Piety: Respect for parents, above all other
duties, even loyalty to the state
d.
Stressed values such as honesty, hard work, concern
for others
1) “Do not do to others, what you do not wish done to
yourself.”
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
1. Confucius …
e.
Views on government
1)
Believed that people were naturally good
2)
Best leaders are virtuous and lead by example
3)
Urged rulers to take advice of wise, educated
men
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
1. Confucius …
f.
Spread of Confucianism
1) For centuries after his death, his ideas influenced
every aspect of Chinese life.
2) Never became a religion
3) Encouraged traditional customs such as reverence
for ancestors
4) People in Korea, Japan, & Vietnam accepted
Confucian beliefs
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Taoism [01:59]
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
2.
a)
Laozi or “Old Master” founded it and wrote The Way of
Virtue (same time as Confucius)
Daoism or Taoism
1) Dao or “the way” of the universe as a whole
2) Live in harmony with nature
3) Rejected the world of conflict and strife
4) Emphasized the virtue of yielding (be like water)
5) Best government, governs the least
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
2.
Laozi
Evolved into a popular religion with gods,
goddesses, and magical practices
7)
Priests searched for a substance to bring
immortality and experimented with alchemy
(trying to transform ordinary metals into gold)
Eventually Confucian and Daoist ideas blended and
influenced everyone.
6)
3.
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Ancient Chinese Beliefs [03:33]
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VI. Religious Beliefs & Philosophies
4.
Yin and Yang – used to show harmony
a.
Universe represents a delicate balance between two
forces
1) Yin : Earth, darkness, the moon & female forces
2) Yang : Heaven, light, the sun, & male forces
b.
The well-being of universe depends on the harmony
of yin & yang
c.
People could play a role in maintaining this harmony
such as the King making proper sacrifices
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Work cited
Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History. New York. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
China: From Past to Present: Geography, Traditional Religions, and Beliefs. Ancient Lights. 2004.
Discovery Education. 16 November 2009 http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/.
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