Transcript Technological advances in China

Dialogue Education
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
IN CHINA
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Technological advances in
China
 The Song Dynasty; 960–
1279 CE) provided some
of the most significant
technological advances in
Chinese history.
Technological advances in China
The ingenuity of
advanced mechanical
engineering had a long
tradition in China.
Technological advances
in China
 They were building upon the
achievements of the ancients
such as Zhang Heng, an
astronomer, inventor, and
early master of mechanical
gears.
Technological advances in China
 Movable type printing
advanced the already
widespread use of woodblock
printing to educate and amuse
Confucian students and the
masses.
Technological advances in China
 The application of new
weapons employing the
use of gunpowder
enabled the Song
Dynasty to ward off its
enemies.
Technological advances in China
 Notable advances in civil
engineering, nautics, and
were made in Song China, as
well as the introduction of
the windmill to China during
the thirteenth century.
Technological advances in China
 These advances, along with
the introduction of paperprinted money, helped develop
and sustain the economy of
the Song Dynasty.
Polymaths
 People such as Shen Kuo
(1031–1095) and Su Song
(1020–1101) embodied the
spirit of early empirical
science and technology in the
age of the Song Dynasty.
Polymaths
 Shen is famous for
discovering the concept
of true north and
magnetic declination
towards the North Pole.
Odometer and South Pointing
Chariot
 There were many other important
figures in the Song era besides
Shen Kuo and Su Song, many of
whom contributed greatly to the
technological innovations of the
time period.
Revolving repositories
 Besides clockwork, odometers,
and mechanical compass
vehicles, there were other
impressive devices of
mechanical engineering found
during the Song Dynasty.
Technological advances in China
 Furthermore, the
oldest surviving
rotating book case
dates to the Song
period (12th century).
Textile machinery
 In the field of manufacturing
textiles, Joseph Needham
(1900–1995) wrote that the
Chinese invented the quillingwheel by the 12th century, and he
wrote that the mechanical belt
drive was known since the 11th
century.
Movable type printing
Printing technology in
the form of movable
type was invented in
the 11th century.
Movable type printing
For printing, the
mass production of
paper for writing was
already well
established in
China.
Gunpowder warfare
 Advances in military
technology aided the Song
Dynasty in its defense
against hostile neighbors to
the north.
Gunpowder warfare
 Although the destructive effects of
gunpowder were described in the
earlier Tang Dynasty by a Daoist
alchemist, the earliest-known written
formulas for gunpowder were written
in 1044, which described explosive
bombs hurled from catapults.
Gunpowder warfare
 The earliest known depiction of a
gun is a sculpture from a cave in
Sichuan, dating to 1128, that
portrays a figure carrying a vaseshaped bombard, firing flames
and a cannonball.
Civil engineering
 In ancient China, the
sluice gate, the canal
lock, and flash lock had
been known since at
least the 1st century BCE
Civil engineering
 The scientist and statesman
Shen Kuo wrote of its use in
China to repair boats
rediscovered dry docks
during the 11th century.
Nautics
 The Chinese of the Song
Dynasty were good sailors
who travelled to ports of call
as far away as Egypt.
Metallurgy
 The use of metal during
the Song Dynasty built
upon the efforts of earlier
Chinese dynasties, while
new methods were
incorporated.
Wind power
 The effect of wind power
was appreciated in China
long before the introduction
of the windmill during the
Song period.
Wind power
 After the windmill,
wind power
applications in other
devices and even
vehicles were found
in China.
Bibliography
 Cotterell, Arthur. (2007), The Imperial Capitals of China - An Inside View
of the Celestial Empire, London: Pimlico, pp. 304 pages., ISBN
9781845950095
 Gascoigne, Bamber (2003), The Dynasties of China: A History, New York:
Carroll & Graf, ISBN 1-84119-791-2
 Giles, Herbert Allen (1939). A Chinese biographical dictionary (Gu jin xing
shi zu pu). Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh.
 Gernet, Jacques (1982), A history of Chinese civilization, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24130-8
 Kruger, Rayne (2003), All Under Heaven: A Complete History of China,
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-470-86533-4
 Tillman, Hoyt C. and Stephen H. West (1995). China Under Jurchen Rule:
Essays on Chin Intellectual and Cultural History. Albany, New York: State
University of New York Press.
 Wikipedai- The Song Dynasty-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty