Transcript 2 - Net Start Class

India and China Establish
Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550
CHAPTER
7
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
GRAPH
SECTION
1 First Empires of India
SECTION
2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
SECTION
3 Han Emperors in China
Visual Summary
QUIT
CHAPTER
7
India and China Establish
Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550
Chapter Overview
Empires in both India and China establish powerful
dynasties and develop strong, vibrant cultures.
Invaders in India introduce new customs and
knowledge to Indian society. In China, conquered
peoples are made part of Chinese culture through
marriage and education. Ruling styles and cultural
advances vary in each empire.
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CHAPTER
7
HOME
India and China Establish
Empires, 300 B.C.–A.D. 550
Time Line
321 B.C. Chandragupta
Maurya founds Mauryan
Empire.
65 Buddhism
takes root in China.
A.D.
220 Han Dynasty
falls.
A.D.
300 B.C.
A.D.
202 B.C. Liu Bang
establishes China’s Han
Dynasty.
105 Chinese
invent paper.
A.D.
550
320 Gupta Empire
forms in India and
encourages a renewal of
Hindu faith.
A.D.
1
HOME
First Empires
of India
MAP
Key Idea
Both the Mauryan and Gupta empires temporarily
unify India. During part of the Mauryan Empire,
government policies are based on Buddhist teachings
of nonviolence and tolerance. Indian culture thrives
during the Gupta Empire.
Overview
Assessment
1
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First Empires
of India
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Mauryan Empire
• Asoka
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• religious toleration
The Mauryas and the
Guptas established
Indian empires, but
neither unified India
permanently.
The diversity of peoples,
cultures, beliefs, and
languages in India continues
to pose challenges to Indian
unity today.
• Tamil
Assessment
• Gupta Empire
• patriarchal
• matriarchal
1
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First Empires
of India
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Compare the Mauryan and Gupta empires.
Mauryan Empire Only
Chandragupta
used spies,
Asoka followed
teachings of Buddha.
Both
Unified through
force, required high
taxes, lasted for
about 100 years
Gupta Empire Only
Defeated the Shakas,
period of great cultural
achievements,
invaded by Hunas
continued . . .
1
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First Empires
of India
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
2. Which of the Indian rulers described in this section
would you rather live under? Explain your opinion.
THINK ABOUT
• whether the ruler maintained peace and order—and how
• what methods the ruler used to influence his subjects
• developments in art and culture during the ruler’s reign
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Chandragupta Maurya, because he tried to control crime.
• Asoka, because he believed in nonviolence and
promoted his subjects’ welfare.
• Chandra Gupta II, because there was a cultural
flowering during his reign.
End of Section 1
2
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Trade Spreads Indian
Religions and Culture
Key Idea
Changes in Buddhism and Hinduism make these
religions more personal and appealing to the masses.
India enters a highly productive period in art,
literature, science, and mathematics. Through trade,
Indian culture spreads to much of Asia.
Overview
Assessment
2
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Trade Spreads Indian
Religions and Culture
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Mahayana
• Theravada
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• Brahma
Indian religions,
culture, and science
evolved and spread to
other regions through
trade.
The influence of Indian culture
and religions is very evident
throughout Southeast Asia
today.
• Vishnu
• Shiva
• Kalidasa
• Silk Roads
Assessment
2
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Trade Spreads Indian
Religions and Culture
Section
2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
For each category shown below, list one or more
specific developments in Indian culture.
Indian Culture
Religion
Mahayana Buddhism; Hinduism became more personal.
Literature/Arts
Buddhist sculptures; Kalidasa wrote Shakuntala.
Science/Math
The decimal system; medical guides.
Trade
Profited from Silk Roads trade; traded with Rome, Africa,
Southeast Asia, Arabia, China
continued . . .
2
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Trade Spreads Indian
Religions and Culture
Section
2
Assessment
2. What do you think was the most significant effect of
the changes in Buddhism and Hinduism? Explain.
THINK ABOUT
• the effect on people who practiced the religion
• the effect on art and culture
• the effect on other countries
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• More people were able to take part in popular worship.
• Religion inspired art.
• Both religions spread to many other countries.
continued . . .
2
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Trade Spreads Indian
Religions and Culture
Section
2
Assessment
2. Cite three of the cultures that interacted with India.
Explain the result of each cultural interaction.
THINK ABOUT
• interaction because of trade
• the influence of art, science, religion
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Greeks–Indians learned western timekeeping.
• Central Asian nomads–They taught Indians about
Silk Roads trade.
• Southeast Asia–Indians spread Hinduism,
Buddhism, and artistic styles.
End of Section 2
3
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Han Emperors
in China
GRAPH
Key Idea
The Han Dynasty unifies China and develops a
highly structured, bureaucratic government, which
lasts about 400 years. Advances in technology and
culture are made, but laws favoring landowners
create economic and political instability.
Overview
Assessment
3
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Han Emperors
in China
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Han Dynasty
• centralized government
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• civil service
The Han Dynasty
expanded China’s borders
and developed a system
of government that lasted
for centuries.
The pattern of a strong
central government has
remained a permanent part
of Chinese life.
• monopoly
Assessment
• assimilation
3
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Han Emperors
in China
GRAPH
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List the methods that Han rulers used to centralize the
government.
Required local officials
to report to central
government
Built up bureaucracy
Centralized Government
Established monopolies
in many industries
Created civil service,
based on exams
continued . . .
3
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Han Emperors
in China
GRAPH
Section
3
Assessment
2. What problem do you think was most responsible for
weakening the Han Dynasty’s power? THINK ABOUT
• problems at court
• problems with non-Chinese peoples
• economic and social problems
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• The method of choosing an heir, because it led to
distracting plots and power plays.
• The nomads, because they forced China to levy
taxes to maintain a large army.
• The distribution of wealth, because poor people
kept losing land to the rich, which caused peasant
uprisings.
End of Section 3