Transcript Ancient China - Har

Ancient China
Outcome: Geography & Culture
China
Geography & Culture
a.
b.
China’s first city walls were built 1000 years after the walls of Ur, the great
pyramids, and the planned cities on the Indus River.
Unlike most cultures on earth, the civilization that began in China 4000 years ago
still thrives there today.
Geography & Culture
2. The Geography of China
a. Natural barriers isolated ancient China
b. East: The Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Pacific Ocean
c. West: Taklimakan Desert and 15,000 ft Plateau of Tibet
d. Southwest: Himalayas
e. North: Gobi Desert and Mongolian Plateau
f. Mountain ranges and desert dominate 2/3 of China’s landmass
Satellite Image
Mongolian Plateau
Taklimakan Desert
Gobi Desert
Himalayan Mountains
Geography & Culture
g. River Systems
i. Huang He (Yellow River) in the north
1. Deposits large amounts of yellowish silt called loess.
2. Loess is blown by winds from deserts into the river
Huang He (Yellow River)
Geography & Culture
i.
Chang Jiang (Yangtze) in central China
1. Flows east from the Yellow Sea
2. At 3,988 miles long, it is the longest river in Asia
Geography & Culture
h. Environmental Challenges
i. Disastrous floods from the Huang He
ii. Trade was difficult so settlers became self-dependent
iii. Geography did not make invasion impossible
Geography & Culture
i. Only 10% of China’s land is suitable for farming
j.
Most of farmable land is on North China Plain between Yellow River and Yangtze
Earliest Dynasties
Zhou & Shang Culture
Geography & Culture
3. The Development of Chinese Culture
a.
b.
Fossils show that modern humans lived in SW China 1.7 million years ago
According to legend, the first Chinese dynasty, The Xia (sh-ou) Dynasty,
started about 2000 B.C.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Chinese viewed everyone outside of their culture as barbarians
Viewed themselves as center of civilized world
Chinese name for China was Middle Kingdom
Family is central to Chinese society; respect for one’s parents
Women treated as inferiors
Girls were arranged to be married between 13 and 16
Geography & Culture
i.
Religion: Spirits of ancestors had power to bring good fortune; not seen as gods
j.
Use of Oracle Bones- priests scratch question on bones, apply hot poker,
bone would split, interpret the cracks
Geography & Culture
k. No links between spoken and written language
l. One could read Chinese without being able to speak the language
m. All parts of China learned the same system of writing even if spoke different
language thus unifying parts of China
n. Needed to know 1500 characters just to be considered literate; scholars knew
10,000 characters
Chinese alphabet
Zhou dynasty
contributions
Geography & Culture
4. Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle
a.
1027 B.C. a people called the Zhou(ch-joe) overthrew the Shang, culturally
similar
b.
Zhou believed in Mandate of Heaven or divine approval to rule
c.
Mandate of Heaven became central to Chinese view of government
d.
This helped explain the dynastic cycle: a pattern of rise, decline, and
replacement of dynasties if the spirits did not approve of one king’s rule
Zhou overthrew
ShangMandate from
Heaven.
China is
Unified
Shi Huangdi
starts Great
Wall
Sui Reunite China
Mongol Rule
Manchus take over China
Birth of Christianity
Mandate of Heaven
Dynastic Cycle
Geography & Culture
4. Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle
e.
The use of royal families controlling different regions was known as feudalism
f.
Zhou Dynasty innovated roads/canals, coined money, blast furnaces
g.
The Zhou were generally peaceful
h.
Later years of Zhou Dynasty known as warring states period due to
weakened power of Zhou kings, attacking nomads and greedy lords
Warring States
period
Geography & Culture
• Result: China’s culture has been shaped by the geography surrounding it’s people. A highly
evolved culture that began with the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties will become one of the
world’s oldest. This unique people will be regularly disrupted by rise and fall of governments,
that will later be known as the dynastic cycle. Our studies in this unit will focus on 5 of those
dynasties: The Qin, The Han, The Tang, The Song, and the Yuan.