Transcript 1 - Net Start Class

QUIT
CHAPTER
Empires in East Asia, 600–1350
12
Chapter Overview
Time Line
MAP
GRAPH
SECTION
1 Two Great Dynasties in China
SECTION
2 The Mongol Conquests
SECTION
3 Empire of the Great Khan
SECTION
4 Feudal Powers in Japan
SECTION
5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea
Visual Summary
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CHAPTER
12
Empires in East Asia, 600–1350
Chapter Overview
China, the most advanced country in the
world, is conquered by the Mongols, who
overrun most of Asia and eastern Europe.
They rule briefly before losing their empire.
China and India influence the cultures of
Japan, Korea, and many Southeast Asian
kingdoms.
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CHAPTER
12
Empires in East Asia, 600–1350
Time Line
618 Tang Dynasty begins 300year rule in China. Scholarofficials managed the Tang
government.
935 Koryu Dynasty
controls Korea.
600
1185 Kamakura
shogunate rules Japan.
1350
794 Heian period
begins in Japan.
960 Song Dynasty
established in
China.
1279 Kublai Khan
conquers China.
1
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Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Key Idea
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China
becomes the richest, most powerful, and most
advanced country in the world. Its trading
routes extend throughout Asia.
Overview
Assessment
1
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Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Tang Taizong
• Wu Zhao
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• movable type
During the Tang and
Song dynasties, China
experienced an era of
prosperity and technological innovation.
Chinese inventions from
this period, such as
printing, gunpowder, and
the compass, changed
history.
• gentry
Assessment
1
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Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Explain the similarities and differences between the Tang
and Song dynasties.
Tang Only
Expanded the empire,
had a female ruler,
reformed the civil service
Both
Prospered through trade,
improved agriculture,
created great art and
literature
Song Only
Ruled smaller empire,
developed into great sea
power, created paper
money and movable type
continued . . .
1
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Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
2. What impact did improvements in transportation
have on Tang and Song China? THINK ABOUT
•
•
•
•
ways transportation was improved
how these improvements were made
relationships among regions in China
trade with other countries
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Expanded roads and canals linked regions of
China and spurred trade.
• Advances in sailing technology expanded sea
trade and cultural exchange with other nations.
continued . . .
1
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Two Great Dynasties
in China
MAP
Section
1
Assessment
3. What actions taken by the Sui, Tang, and Song emperors
strengthened China’s empire? What actions weakened it?
THINK ABOUT
•
•
•
•
military gains and losses
changes to the government
improvements in transportation and trade
cultural changes
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Strengthened: built Grand Canal (Sui); guarded Silk
Roads, improved roads, promoted trade, restored civil
service (Tang); improved agriculture, expanded sea
trade, issued paper money (Song)
• Weakened: imposed high taxes, lost control of
empire (Tang); lost northern China (Song)
End of Section 1
2
HOME
The Mongol Conquests
Key Idea
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Central
Asian steppes, succeed in conquering most of Asia
and eastern Europe. They establish the largest empire
the world has ever seen and briefly rule China.
Overview
Assessment
2
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The Mongol Conquests
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• pastoralist
• clan
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Mongols, a
nomadic people from
the steppe, conquered
settled societies across
much of Asia.
The Mongols built the largest
unified land empire in world
history.
Assessment
• Genghis Khan
2
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The Mongol Conquests
Section
2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List the series of events leading to the creation of the
Mongol Empire.
Genghis Khan unites Mongols.
Genghis Khan conquers Central Asia.
His son Ogadai becomes Great Khan.
Mongols spread conquest south, east, and west.
Ogadai dies and westward campaign ends.
Mongol Empire controls much of Eurasia.
continued . . .
2
The Mongol Conquests
Section
2
HOME
Assessment
2. What characteristics of Mongol culture do you think
contributed to their military success? Explain your
response. THINK ABOUT
• how the nomadic way of life shaped Mongol culture
• the personality and leadership qualities of Genghis Khan
• Mongol weapons and tactics
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Nomadic groups fought among themselves, which geared
them for warfare.
• Contact with other cultures brought new weapons and tactics.
• Large supply caravans gave armies mobility and flexibility.
• Riding skills, stirrups made cavalry powerful.
• Mobile way of life was well suited for war.
End of Section 2
3
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Empire of the
Great Khan
Key Idea
Mongol rule opens China to foreign visitors
and to extensive trade both internally and
abroad. Marco Polo’s visit to China introduces
the country and its many inventions to Europe.
Overview
Assessment
continued . . .
3
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Empire of the
Great Khan
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Kublai Khan
• Marco Polo
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Kublai Khan ruled China
and encouraged foreign
trade, but the Yuan
Dynasty was beset by
problems.
The influence of Chinese
ideas on Western
civilization began with the
Mongols’ encouragement
of trade.
Assessment
3
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Empire of the
Great Khan
Section
3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
List seven events that show the impact of Kublai Khan
on East Asia.
Conquered China
Established a
Mongol dynasty
(Yuan)
Extended foreign
trade
Kublai Khan
Improved
communication
within China and
across Asia
Fought
unsuccessful wars
in Southeast Asia
Reunited China
Failed to
conquer Japan
continued . . .
3
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Empire of the
Great Khan
Section
3
Assessment
2. Judging from the events of the Yuan Dynasty, do you think the
Mongol policies toward the Chinese were effective? THINK ABOUT
• the accomplishments of Kublai Khan as emperor of China
• the Mongols’ policies towards the Chinese
• the military campaigns of Kublai Khan
• the fate of the Yuan Dynasty
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
No—The policies only made the Chinese resent the Mongols
and eventually rebel; granting the Chinese more power and
freedom might have led them to accept Mongol rule.
Yes—The Chinese resented foreign rule, and strong policies
kept them at bay; only weakened leadership allowed the
continued . . .
dynasty to be overthrown.
3
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Empire of the
Great Khan
Section
3
Assessment
3. What evidence is there that the Chinese way of life
influenced the Mongol conquerors? THINK ABOUT
• the seat of Kublai Khan’s empire
• Kublai’s actions as emperor of China
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Kublai Khan spent years in China and adopted many
of its ways.
• He built luxurious palaces and dressed as a Chinese
emperor.
• He moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing.
• He kept Chinese government institutions in place.
End of Section 3
4
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Feudal Powers
in Japan
GRAPH
Key Idea
Japanese civilization is shaped by Chinese
influence, the clan system, and a feudal
system. Rival war lords eventually set an
emperor over all of Japan.
Overview
Assessment
4
HOME
Feudal Powers
in Japan
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Shinto
• samurai
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
• Bushido
Japanese civilization
was shaped by cultural
borrowing from China
and the rise of feudalism
and military rulers.
An openness to adapting
innovations from other
cultures is still a hallmark
of Japanese society.
• shogun
Assessment
4
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Feudal Powers
in Japan
GRAPH
Section
4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Summarize the main periods and events in Japanese
history between the years 300 and 1300.
Event Two
500
Koreans bring Buddhist
images and scriptures to
Yamato court.
Event One
300
Chinese
writings first
mention Japan.
Event Four
794
Capital moved
to Heian.
Event Three
600s-800s
Japan adopts
aspects of
Chinese culture.
Event Six
1192
Yoritomo
becomes first
shogun.
Event Five
1000-1200
Feudal system
develops.
Event Seven
1274 and 1281
Japan turns
back Mongol
invasions.
continued . . .
4
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Feudal Powers
in Japan
GRAPH
Section
4
Assessment
2. Was the rise of the shogun beneficial for Japan overall?
Explain. THINK ABOUT
• problems developing in feudal Japan
• powers of the shogun
• achievements under the Kamakura shoguns
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
Yes, a strong military leader can reduce conflicts
between rival clans.
No, power is concentrated in one person.
End of Section 4
5
HOME
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
Key Idea
India and China heavily influence Vietnam,
Cambodia, Korea, and other Southeast Asian
cultures. These kingdoms struggle to remain
independent.
Overview
Assessment
5
HOME
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Khmer Empire
• Angkor Wat
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Several smaller
kingdoms prospered in
East and Southeast Asia,
a region culturally
influenced by China and
India.
Chinese cultural influences
still affect East and
Southeast Asia today.
Assessment
• Koryu Dynasty
5
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
Section
5
HOME
Assessment
1. List six important kingdoms or dynasties covered in this
section, and at least two major accomplishments of each.
Kingdom or Dynasty
Accomplishments
Khmer
Built irrigation system and Angkor Wat
Srivijaya
Dominated Strait of Malacca; created center of Buddhist learning
Sailendra
Prospered through agriculture; built Borobudur
Vietnam
Gained independence from China; defeated the Mongols
Silla
United Korea; developed writing
Koryu
Established civil service; produced celadon pottery
continued . . .
5
Kingdoms of Southeast
Asia and Korea
Section
5
HOME
Assessment
2. Give examples to show how geography influenced
the history and culture of Southeast Asia and of Korea.
THINK ABOUT
• the climate
• location relative to other countries
• natural features of water and land
ANSWER
Possible
Responses:
• Southeast Asia’s climate favored rice production.
• Proximity to India and China helped shaped its culture.
• Sea routes provided profitable trade.
• Mountain ranges and the sea helped Korea remain
independent from Japan.
End of Section 5