Transcript 7.2 Notes: Chinese Dynasties

7.2 Notes:
Chinese
Dynasties
Video Warm-Up:
China Overview
• Die roll details x2
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PuGvM
ZW1h4
Overview
• In addition to the three Muslim Empires we just
finished studying, the Chinese dynasties built
strong central governments that implemented
agricultural and public works projects.
– Ming Dynasty
– Qing Dynasty
• As a result, food production and trade also
increased in China as well as China’s
population.
The Ming Dynasty
• The Ming dynasty brought peace and stability to
China.
• New law codes were imposed, reorganization in
the tax system took place, and government was
reformed.
• The new law codes were harsher than those of
previous Chinese dynasties.
– Example: Scholars, who were traditionally exempt
from corporal punishment, were now vulnerable to it.
Ming Dynasty, Continued
• Strong rulers at the beginning of the dynasty
enforced peace throughout the land.
• With peace and additional revenues from a
reformed tax system, economic prosperity
came to China.
Chinese Exploration
• The early Ming emperors spent government
money on a navy that could sail to foreign ports
and collect tribute for the emperor.
• From 1405 to 1433, emperors sent out seven
seagoing expeditions. Chinese sailing vessels
SHIPS WERE CALLED JUNKS! Add: Led by admiral
Zheng He….
• (Their purpose was “glorifying Chinese arms in
the remote regions and showing off the wealth
and power of the Kingdom.”) WANTED TRIBUTE
from SMALLER Countries they visited…
A Piece of Junk
Row, Row, Row Your Boat
• Later Ming emperors cut out the costly ocean
voyages.
• The government discouraged trade with
foreign countries partly because Confucian
philosophy regarded trade as the lowest of
occupations.
• The emperor even forbade construction of
seagoing vessels.
Defense!
• To help defend the northern border of China,
the leader shifted his capital from Nanjing to
Cambaluc, and renamed it Beijing. (Still
today)
– Beijing literally means “North Capital”.
• Shaolin Martial arts was started by Chinese
Buddhist monks as a way of teaching Chinese
to defend themselves.
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOxOm4XLd
A4
Entering Forbidden Territory…
• Inside Beijing, stood the Forbidden City,
where the emperor and his family lived.
• The Forbidden City had two main sections:
– one for the emperor’s personal use
– another for state occasions.
Lavish Lifestyle of the Emperor
• The main courtyard outside the gate held 90,000
people.
• The emperor sometimes appeared before guests
here, but ordinary people stayed out or faced a
penalty of death.
• The residential section of the Forbidden City
consisted of many palaces with thousands of
rooms.
• Pavilions and gardens gave comfort to the
imperial family.
A Forbidden Interior and Exterior
Chinese Corruption
• Corrupt officials, eager to enrich themselves,
took over the country.
• As law and order collapse, invaders from
Manchuria (Manchus) attacked the north.
• The invaders, the Manchus, managed to
conquer a weakened China.
Qing Dynasty
• The Manchus set up a new dynasty, called the
Qing (Ching) or “pure.”
• For only the second time in history, foreigners
controlled all of China.
• The Manchus slowly extended their empire to
the north and west, taking in Manchuria,
Mongolia, Xinjiang(Shin Jee Ong) and Tibet.
• For almost 300 years the Qing dynasty ruled over
the largest Chinese empire that ever existed.
Qing Dynasty
Ming vs. Qing
“Keep your hair and lose your head”
• In 1645 the Manchu emperor ordered all
Chinese men to shave their heads leaving a
single braid, at the back of their heads or be
executed.
• This hairstyle is called a queue.
Daily Life
• The Manchus made few changes in China’s
economy.
• Agricultural improvements increased food
production, and China’s population exploded
from about 150 million to about 350 million.
• System was called labor intensive farming (LOTS
of humans used in manual labor.)
• China becomes the most populous country in the
world.
• More than three-fourths of Chinese people lived
in rural areas and were farmers.
Secret
Chinese Silkworms
• 1. Farm Families grew mulberry trees, whose
leaves provided food for silkworms.
• 2. From the leaves, women and girls plucked the
cocoons and carefully unwound them.
• 3. The silk was then ready for those who either:
• Spun it into thread
Or
• Wove it into silk cloth (this was kept secret
from the west for 100s of years).
Qing Dynasty Decline
• During the 1700s, corruption and internal rebellions
forced the Qing dynasty into decline.
• As the population grew, the government raised
taxes and corrupt officials took the money.
• Peasants were mad and many rebellions followed.
• In the 1850s, the Qing faced the Taiping Rebellion,
who wanted to replace the dynasty with a “Heavenly
Kingdom of Great Peace.”
• The rebellion lasted 14 years and weakened the
central government while also destroying the
actual land.
Most Expensive Ming Dynasty Vase
• How much is this vase?
– A) $500,000
– B) 2 million dollars
– C) Over 10 million dollars
– D) 5 Payments of $19.99
Answer
• If you said C) Over 10 million dollars, you are
correct!!!!!
Most Expensive Qing Dynasty Vase
• How much is this vase?
– A) $35.00
– B) 10 million dollars
– C) Over 80 million dollars
– D) $349.77
Answer
• If you said C) Over 80 million dollars, you are
correct!!!!!
Confucius
• Chinese teacher and philosopher.
• His philosophies became the basis of the ideals
of Chinese behavior.
• (Just like Cellini’s “Book of the Courtier”, during the
Renaissance).
• Born on September 28, 551 BC.
• His writings grew in popularity through 100s of
years of Chinese histories.
• Becomes almost like a religion to the Chinese,
throughout the centuries.
Confucianism
• The system that ordered Chinese society.
• The teachings start by emphasizing the
importance of cultivating and raising each
person’s moral character .
• In the society, each person shall respect
the elders or leaders, and treat others the
way one wants to be treated.
– Examples:
• Children obey their father.
• Subjects obey ruler.
• Student obeys teacher.
Foot Fetish? Foot BINDING.
• Begins when a girl is between the ages of 3 and
11.
• 1. Foot is soaked in warm water and massaged.
• 2. Four smaller toes are cracked and then bent
toward the ball of the foot.
• 3. Bandage is wrapped around bent toes and
pulled tightly to the heels.
• 4. Every two days, the bandage is removed and
rebound.
• THIS GOES ON FOR 2-3 YEARS.
– Status symbol for women.
Foot Binding
Great Wall of China
• Started around 221 BC.
• The wall was lengthened and improved over successive
dynasties.
• Took 2,000 years to fully construct.
• 13,170.69 miles long and wall is about 33 feet high.
• Wall was guarded by 1 million soldiers.
• The winding Great Wall was built as a defense against
the Mongol hordes coming in from the North.
– Wrap Up: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKTR6Q2yGRg
Great Wall of China
Today’s
Wrap-Up
• Create your own travel advertisement!
• Pretend that you are a travel agent who is
trying to sell a trip to China.
• Create a travel advertisement for vacationing
to China and sell some trips!
• Make sure to include at least five pieces of
information that we learned today, in your
advertisement.
• The best posters grab your eye with visuals so
be sure to include your best drawing!
Warm-Up
• Write down everything you know about China
– Food
– Culture
– Fashion
– Landscape
– Location
Lets Get Down To Business
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSS5dEe
MX64
VLA review
• Kung Fu monks:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bTHLpN6
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dT0xQnGRdY
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOxOm4X
LdA4