Transcript IN WHAT COUNTRY WERE YOUR SHOES MADE?

IN WHAT COUNTRY WERE
YOUR SHOES MADE?
Top #7 Shoe-Manufacturing Countries in 2016
• China
• India
• Brazil
• Vietnam
• Indonesia
• Pakistan
• Thailand
INTERNATIONAL TRADE: MING CHINA
& THE INDIAN OCEAN NETWORK
Learning Goal 3: Describe what characteristic of global trade after
the European discovery of the western hemisphere and explain the
role Ming China played in global trade.
IMPORTANT TERMS TO KNOW
Eunuch
• castrated male. Important
servants in the Ming
government
Tribute
• gifts offered to show respect
and admiration
Colonialism
• Act of one country taking
control of another country or
region
MING DYNASTY
• China: 1368 – 1644
• Peasant revolt and
uprising drove out
the Mongols
• Ming Dynasty
founded by Hong
Wu, peasant soldier
and Buddhist monk
• Reestablished
Chinese rule and
make sure no
foreign rule would
ever happen again
EMPEROR
HONG WU
MING
GOVERNMENT
• Buddhist Monk
• Reinstated the civil service
• Brought stability to China
exams
• Centralized government and
put eunuchs in charge
• Neo-Confucianism, as well as
influences from Daoism &
Buddhism
• Rebuilt the infrastructure
• Bridges
• Canals
• Roads
• Temples
FORBIDDEN CITY
• Located in Beijing
• Surrounded by 40-foot high walls and a moat
• Highest-ranking civil servants and officials lived
in the city
• Emperor’s palace in very center
• Only the emperor, his family, and certain
officials/eunuchs were allowed in his palace
DECLINE OF THE MING DYNASTY
• China stopped trading with foreigners
• No foreign trade = no market for Chinese goods
• No market = no money for producers
• No money = widespread poverty
• Political corruption
•
Emperors would waste money on lavish parties
• Heavy taxes = Peasants get mad!
• Famine = Peasants starve
• Politically Weak = military weak = invaded by the
Manchus
• The last Ming emperor hanged himself on a tree
in the imperial garden outside the Forbidden City.
BUT BEFORE THE MING
DYNASTY COLLAPSED…
INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK
• Silk Road = used for trading by land
• Indian Ocean = trade via ship
•
Primary trading nations:
▪ Portugal
▪ Netherlands (the Dutch)
▪ China (until the Ming collapsed)
▪ Spain
▪ East Africa
▪ Islamic Empire (what remained of it after the
Mongols)
▪ Philippines
▪ Great Britain
▪ Japan
INDIAN OCEAN TRADE NETWORK:
WHO WANTED WHAT?
• Europeans wanted spices from Asia
• Why?
• No refrigerators – need a way to preserve meat
• Spices allow meat to stay fresh longer
• Make things more delicious ☺
COMPETITION!
• Muslims controlled
most of the trade
routes
• China stopped foreign
trade after the Ming
Dynasty collapsed
• Portugal had military
advantage
• Established military
bases along coast
of Africa, Persian
Gulf, India,
Southeast Asia,
and China
PORTUGAL’S TRADING POST
EMPIRE
• Military bases spread across the world: Africa, Persian Gulf, India,
Southeast Asia, and China
• Lasted about a century
• Eventually assimilated into local societies in Asia and Africa
• Steep decline by 1600 – overextended and competition
COLONIALISM
BEGINS
Spain took over the Philippines
• Easy and bloodless
• Major missionary effort
• Remained part of Spain until
the Spanish-American War of
1898!
Great Britain focused on India
Traded for pepper, spices, and
cotton textiles
EAST INDIAN
COMPANIES
• Dutch and English formed private trading
companies to trade with India
• Militarily and economically stronger than the
Portuguese
• Both will begin to deal in bulk for a mass
market
• Trading posts will eventually turn into a
conventional form of colonization
NETHERLANDS (THE
DUTCH)
• Focused in Indonesia
• Controlled small spice-producing islands
• Banda Islands
• Dutch killed, enslaved, or left to starve almost the entire
population (15,000) and then replaced them with Dutch
farmers and slave laborers
• Would sell nutmeg, mace, and cloves at 14 – 17 times the
price they paid in Indonesia
• Profits soared, but local economy of the Spice Islands was
shattered and people were left impoverished
RUSSIA
JAPAN
• Fairly new to trading
• Used profits from silver to unify
country
• Major source of furs
for Western Europe
and Ottoman Empire
• developed a market-based
economy
• Profits from furs
allowed for rapid
expansion
• Tax or tribute imposed
on every male between
18 – 50 payable in furs
• Invested heavily in agriculture and
industry
• Families took steps to have less
children
• Outcome: flourishing, highly
commercialized economy
• Laid foundation for the 19th century
Industrial Revolution
SILVER TRADE:
CHINA
• Chinese had a favorable balance of trade with Europe
• Silk was still in high demand in Europe
The Chinese wanted silver
• Chinese population was required to pay their taxes in silver
• China purchased a lot of silver
• To afford silver, the Chinese had to sell their own goods
• China became central to world market
• Silver “went round the world and made the world go round”
• Bolivia, Japan, Spanish America, and the Philippines
provided silver
Next Up: Webquest
We will explore the Indian Ocean
trade using online maps!
-Go to
http://indianoceanhistory.org/
-Scroll down
-In the middle, under “Era Maps”
click “Medieval Era”
-Use the map to complete the first
column
Map of the Indian Ocean Region