Transcript china - WMLGalaxy

CHINA
CHINA
In eastern Asia World’s most populated country
Fourth largest country in terms of area
Beijing is the capital
Shanghai is the largest city
70% of it is mountains, hills, and highlands
Wide range of climates
Most farmland and people are in the east
Most live in towns or villages
Republic government controlled by the Communist party
Government controls economy but is letting more free enterprise
1 in 5 people are Chinese
Most work in agriculture
90% live in eastern China
92% are Han
Family is very important
Live modestly
Men marry after 22
Women marry after 20
Only allowed to have two kids
One of the world’s oldest civilizations
Developed the compass, paper, and
porcelain
less than 20 years
1/3
½
traditions and rituals
less than 10%
Privatization – the government not owning everything
It allows individuals to own land and start businesses
8 times larger
their writing
34 a minute and 7 million a year
construction projects
Chinese New Year
Countries Around the World: China
thousand
The Chinese language has over a ___________________
characters in it.
calligraphy
An ancient form of writing from China is called _________________.
sickle
hammer
The ________________
and _________________
are two symbols of
Communism.
soybean
Besides rice the ______________________
plant has been grown in China for a
long time.
Red
____________
on the Chinese flag stands for revolution, the big star
Communist Party
represents the _______________________,
and the four smaller stars
people
stand for the __________________________
.
diverse
China has a ___________________________
climate.
paper money
The Chinese were the first to use _______________________
and
Yuan
their currency is called the _______________________
.
atheist
China’s official national religion is ______________________.
Yangtze River Delta
The __________________________________
has the most fertile soil in China.
MODERN CHINA CROSSWORD PUZZLE
CHINA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
Yangtze River
Summer Temp. = 65° F
Winter Temp. = 22° F
Annual Precipitation = 40 ins.
Vegetation Type = rainforest
The Yangtze river (meaning “Long River”) is the longest river in Asia, and the fourth longest in the
world. It runs for a good 3,859 miles. To some people, it is considered a dividing line between
northern and southern China.
Gobi Desert
Summer Temp. = 113° F
Winter Temp. = -40° F
Annual Precipitation = 5.5 ins.
Vegetation Type = desert
The word “Gobi” means very large and dry in Mongolian. The Gobi Desert is the 5th largest
desert in the world and is Asia’s largest. It covers an area of about 500,000 square miles.
The Gobi Desert is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost or occasionally snow on its
dunes.
Himalayan Mountains
Summer Temp. = -13° F
Winter Temp. = -100° F
Annual Precipitation = 80 inches
Vegetation Type = none
. The Himalayan Mountains are the world’s highest mountain range and contain the world’s highest
mountain, Mount Everest, which is over 25,000 feet high. The Himalayas extend for 1,500 miles.
These mountains are extremely dangerous to travel through, not only because of their height, but
also because they are always covered in snow and ice.
Huang He (Yellow) River
Summer Temp. = varies
Winter Temp. = varies
Annual Precipitation = 16 ins.
Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Huang He River is the second longest river in China, as well as the sixth longest river in the
world. It stretches about 3,395 miles. This river is commonly known as the Yellow River, because
that is the color of the river from all of the sediment it carries. Another nickname for this river is
“China’s Sorrow”. It is called this because it has been known to have devastating floods.
North China Plain
Summer Temp. = 82° F
Winter Temp. = 28° F
Annual Precipitation = 23 ins.
Vegetation Type = grassland
The North China Plain is the largest flat lowland area in China. It stretches across an area of
158,000 square miles. The early Chinese considered this plain “the center of the world”.
Plateau of Tibet
Summer Temp. = 45° F
Winter Temp. = 18° F
Annual Precipitation = 10 inches
Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Tibetan Plateau is also called “the roof of the world”. It is the highest and largest plateau in the
world covering an area about four times the size of Texas.
Taklimakan Desert
Summer Temp. = 100° F
Winter Temp. = 15° F
Annual Precipitation = 5 inches
Vegetation Type = desert
The Taklimakan Desert is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Many different
mummies have been found in this desert, and some date back over four thousand years. The word
“taklimakan” is known to mean “desert of death” or “place of no return”.
Tien Shan Mountains
Summer Temp. = 41° F
Winter Temp. = 15° F
Annual Precipitation = 10 ins.
Vegetation Type = forest
The Tien Shan Mountains are one of the longest mountain ranges in Central Asia. Their name
means “mountains of the spirits”. The mountains at their lower levels contain many spruce forests.
Manchurian Plain
•
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•
•
Summer Temp. = 75° F
Winter Temp. = 10° F
Annual Precipitation = 20 ins.
Vegetation Type = sparse grasses
The Manchurian Plain is also known as the Northeast China Plain. It covers an area of over
135,000 square miles. There are almost no trees on this plain. This area is good for raising
livestock and herding.
Yangtze River
Location:
flows through south central
China from the mountains to the
sea
Facts:
-Also known as the Chang Jiang
-Yangtze = Long River
-Longest river in China and Asia
and 4th in the world
-It sometimes does flood
-People use the river to move
goods between eastern and
western areas in the region
-Its surrounding lands are very
fertile
Gobi Desert
• Location
It covers part of China and Mongolia
Facts
- one of the world’s largest deserts
- Most of the desert is stony and its
surface is made up of small
pebbles and tiny bits of sand
- It is a cold desert, and it is not
uncommon to see frost and
occasionally snow on its dunes
- Vegetation is sparse and the plants
there tend to be small and widely
spaced
Himalayan Mountains
• Location
Along China’s southern
border and forms a
natural border between
the Indian subcontinent
Facts
- the highest mountain
range in the world
- region is a bitterly cold
place
- It is so cold that there is
very little or no vegetation.
Huang He (Yellow) River
• Location
It bends through north central China from the
mountains to the sea
Facts
- Second longest river in China, 6th in the
world
- called the Yellow River because of the
enormous amounts of yellow silt
- Very muddy river
- Called "the cradle of Chinese civilization",
as its basin is the birthplace of ancient
Chinese civilizations
- the river has flooded more than 1,500
times, causing much damage and loss of
life. This has also earned the river the
name "China's Sorrow".
North China Plain
• Location
- east central China
Facts
- is a flat region of grassland and
temperatures range from very
warm in the summer to cold in the
winter.
- called the “Land of the Yellow
Earth” because the ground is
covered by yellow limestone silt
from the Gobi Desert
- This flat yellow-soil plain is the
main area of grains, corn, and
cotton production in China.
Wheat, sesame seed, and
peanuts are also grown here.
- The plain is one of the most
densely populated regions in the
world.
Plateau of Tibet
• Location
The southwestern part of China is
dominated by the high Tibet
Plateau
Facts
- This area is often called the
“Roof of the World” since it is
over two miles above sea level
- It is a very large area, covering
almost a quarter of the land in
China
- very cold and dry climate with
sparse shrubs and grasses
- The natural vegetation is eaten
by antelopes and yaks that
roam the area
Taklimakan Desert
• Location
- located in western China, just
northwest of the Tibetan Plateau
Facts
- Over 105,000 square miles
- considered one of the most
dangerous deserts in the world
- “once you go in, you will not come
out”
- The desert’s huge sand dunes
shift and change as the wind
blows the sand around and
sandstorms arise with stunning
speed
- the desert is very dry with
vegetation near oases only
- Legend says that two armies and
three hundred cities are buried in
it
Tien Shan Mountains
• Location
- The northwestern tip of China and
lies to the north and west of the
Taklimakan Desert
Facts
- one of the longest mountain ranges in
Central Asia at 1700 miles long
- The name Tien Shan literally means
“celestial mountains” and is sacred
to those who practice Daoism
- Heavy rain and snowfall on the
range create a mountain
environment that contrasts
dramatically with the arid desert
terrain of the southern foothills
- On the lower slopes, there are
flowery meadows and forests
- Top of them are covered with
glaciers
Manchurian Plain
• Location
- northeastern China - east of
Mongolia
Facts
- Also known as Northeast China
Plain
- is a land of low hills and plains
and the natural vegetation is
mostly prairie grass
- It has short, warm summers and
is cold in the winter – dry in the
north and wetter in the south
- In general, the plain is too cold
and dry to be a good place for
growing crops but is good for
herding and livestock
Map of China’s Physiographic
Features
Yangtze River
Gobi Desert
Himalayan Mountains
Huang He/Yellow (River)
North China Plain
Plateau of Tibet
Taklimakan Desert
Tien Shan (Mountains)
Manchurian Plain
It is said that nature has built a natural wall around China. List the names
of the physiographic features which form China’s natural wall.
MOUNTAINS (4)
DESERTS (2)
SEAS (3)
Himalaya
Gobi
Yellow
Hindu Kush
Taklimakan
East China
Tien Shan
South China
Altai
What do you think will be the advantages and disadvantages to China
having a “natural wall”?
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Safe from invaders/protection
Difficult to trade/travel to/with others
Will have many natural resources
Cause isolation
Etc.
Etc.
HELPFUL or HARMFUL???
CHINA’S GEOGRAPHY
HELPFUL
Natural barriers give
protection
Rivers link/bring the
people together
Rivers flood and
enrich the soil for
farming
Rivers used for their
resources and as
transportation/trade
routes
HARMFUL
Natural barriers make
it hard to travel and
communicate
Numerous regions
formed and
developed their own
ways and, therefore,
the Chinese were not
unified
Rivers flood, destroy,
and kill
Deserts are dry
wastelands
OTHER FACTS
Southwest =
mountains
North and west =
mountains and
deserts
East = ocean
All of the above act
as barriers keeping
China both isolated
and safe
PREHISTORIC CHINA
Yangshao
Yangshao
• Began 10,000 B.C.E
• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River
in north central China.
• Were farmers in China
• Had houses built partially underground
with plastered floors and roofs supported
by wooden beams
• Created painted pottery with geometric
designs on it They used a kiln but no
potter’s wheel
Lungshan
Lungshan
• About 3000 B.C.E
• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in
northeast China.
• Farmers that raised cattle, sheep, pigs, and
dogs and grew wheat and millet
• Eventually settled in southern China to grow rice
• Leaders arose to complete projects to control
flooding
• Created black pottery using a kiln and a potter’s
wheel
• First to harvest silk from silkworms to weave
fabric which became a major export of China
Xia
Xia
• Last of the Prehistoric settlements around 2000 B.C.E.
(ruled for about 300 years)
• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in north central
China.
• Know about them from legends and eventually what
archeologists have found
• Had bronze weapons and tools
• Were farmers
• Made pottery
• Rulers communicated with spirits for help and guidance
• Defeated by the Shang, China’s first dynasty
Could eventually become China’s first dynasty when
and if more evidence is found about them
The Shang Dynasty
A Shang dynasty tortoise shell with pictographs. The Shang dynasty is
the earliest Chinese dynasty supported by archeological and written
evidence.
The ruins of Yin date back to the Shang dynasty. A number of tombs
were discovered at this site, but only one, that of Fuo Hao, was
undisturbed.
A jade carving discovered in
Fuo Hao's tomb. Fuo Hao
was a wife of King Wu Ding
during the Shang dynasty
and is reported to have
served as a military leader.
Her tomb was untouched
when discovered in 1976.
Evidence of human sacrifice is common in elite tombs of the Shang
dynasty.
A Shang dynasty bronze zun or wine vessel, shaped in the form of an
elephant with uplifted trunk.
A Chinese archeologist works at a newly discovered pit of chariots and
horses in the ruins of Yin. Five of the seven pits are arranged in a line,
with chariots and horses facing eastward.
SHANG DYNASTY
1) 1700-1050 BCE
2) On the Huang He River in the North China Plain
3) The Shang dynasty is important because . . .
CHINA’S FIRST DYNASTY
4) A series of rulers from the same family
5) From the tombs, artifacts, and writing we
have found
ZHOU DYNASTY
1) farmers
lived in the Wei Valley on the
Huang He River
2) In 1050 BCE Wu the Martial and the Zhou
conquered the Shang
3) China’s longest lasting dynasty
4) Tian – impersonal power (heaven) worshiped
by the Zhou that demanded right behavior and
good government
Mandate of Heaven – getting heaven’s (tian)
support if you ruled well
KING
owned all of the land and granted Nobles complete
control of the land given them, protects and defends the
land and people, govern in the interest of the people
NOBLES
PEASANTS
controls the land given to him from the king which
consisted of a walled town and the farms around it, must
give the king a portion of what the peasants produce from
his land, must send the king soldiers in times of war
work the farmland and give the noble some of what
they produce/make, are the soldiers
6) Dialects are different forms of the same language
7) Communication from region to region was difficult
because people could not always understand each
other when they spoke
8) Expanded the use of writing so no matter how
a word was pronounced in the different regions
of China, its written form would be the same and
understood. This allows China’s culture to grow
and spread.
Qin
Located near the city of Xia
Was a palace for the afterlife with jewels and a recreated China
Was built by prisoners
Soldiers were made of clay, brightly painted, and no two are alike
Makers were buried with Qin
It uses picture symbols with no alphabet
and is very hard
Shang = 1700 – 1050 BCE
Zhou = 1050 – 221 BCE
Qin = 221 – 206 BCE
Built by prisoners and peasants
8 horses wide at the top and 6 horses wide at the bottom and 5 men tall
Over 1500 miles long
Made to keep out the Mongols
A trade route from China to Rome
Your last name (family name) is first and your first name goes last
tea, rice, wheat, noodles, beans, and vegetables
Fireworks, yoyo, stir-fry, compass, noodles, paper, coins, kites,
wheel barrow, silk, china/porcelain, ship’s rudder, acupuncture
ANCIENT CHINA’S BELIEF
SYSTEMS
CONFUCIUS
China’s greatest teacher
Born in Lu, China
Was part of a noble family then became poor and
orphaned
Well educated
Gave simple lessons for living
551 – 479 BCE during the last years of the Zhou
Dynasty
Order and mutual respect among people led to
peace
Treat others the way you would want to be treated –
Golden Rule
REN
Central idea of Confucianism
“relationship between two people”
One person existing in harmony with another
CONFUCIANISM
Husband and wife
Father and son
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
Ruler and subject
Sincerity (honest), loyalty (trusting), mutual
respect (considerate)
Family very important and children should
respect their parents
Rulers should act like good fathers
Government should be based on goodness
Government officials should earn their jobs
MOISM
Mozi
Universal love for all people and respect for all people will bring peace
LEGALISM
All people are bad by nature
Only a strong government with
strict laws and harsh punishments
can keep the evil under control
DAOISM
Laozi
Want a small and simple society
Best leaders work quietly in the background
and do not worry about
getting credit
Want to find Dao – “the way” of the universe
by being in harmony with nature and in
touch with your inner feelings