Transcript Chinese Nationalism

AGENDA
Bellringer
Review Questions
Index Card: Gandhi
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What two events did Gandhi inspire to protest British imperialism?
 Textile Boycott and Salt March
What new country was established during the partition of India?
 Pakistan
Why was India partitioned into two separate countries?
 Stop the fighting between Hindus and Muslims
What is a Sikh?
 Religion that is a mixture of Islam and Hinduism
How to Gandhi protest the violence between Indians and Hindus?
 21 Day Fast
What event was the tipping point for the Indian Nationalist movement?
 Amritsar Massacre
ASSASSINATION OF GANDHI
Assassinated by one of his own (an Indian Hindu)
The assassin believed that Gandhi was too kind and appeased to the Muslims
Wanted retaliation against Muslims and against partition – so they shot him
INDEX CARD: GANDHI
Create a card for Gandhi
Who was he? Where was he from? What did he do?
MOHANDAS (MAHATMA) GANDHI
Leader of Indian Nationalist Movement
Textile boycott and Salt March
Efforts led to Indian Independence in 1947
Civil Disobedience
CHINESE NATIONALISM READING
Grab a textbook and complete page 3 of blue
packet
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What continent is China on?
 Asia
Why was China isolated?
 Himalaya mountains, gobi/taklamakan deserts, pacific ocean
What trade route was created by the Han dynasty?
 Silk Road
What Imperial power controlled China via spheres of influence?
 Great Britain
What were the terms of the Treaty of Nanjing?
 GB got Hong Kong, all trade rights (open door), and extraterritorial rights
AGENDA
Bellringer
Review Questions
Notes: Chinese Nationalism
Exit Ticket
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What was Gandhi’s preferred method of protest?
 Civil disobedience
What event was the tipping point for the Indian independence movement?
 Amritsar Massacre
What was the Salt March?
 Peaceful march to ocean led by Gandhi to make own salt
What was the Homespun Act?
 Also known as Textile Boycott – Indians make their own clothing
What trade route was built by the Han Dynasty?
 Silk Road
What were the terms of the Treaty of Nanjing?
 Extraterritorial rights for British, GB controls all trade (open door), GB gets Hong Kong, Chinese pay
reparations
AGENDA
Bellringer
Review Questions
Notes: Chinese Nationalism
Exit Ticket
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why was India Partitioned?
 Fighting between Hindus and Muslims
What new country was created during the partition?
 Pakistan
How did Gandhi protest violence between the two groups?
 21 Day Fast
What area is still contested and fought over today?
 Kashmir
What is a Sikh?
 Religion that blends Islam and Hinduism
What is the name of the Nationalist party in China?
 Kuomintang
Who was the leader of the Communist party in China?
 Mao Zedong
CHINESE NATIONALISM
OBJECTIVES
Students will identify the difference in principles between the nationalist and
communist parties of China
HISTORICAL CIRCUMSTANCE
Qing Dynasty was the dynasty ruling China during the Taiping and
Boxer rebellions
Obviously because of these rebellions, the Qing had lost the
Mandate of Heaven
Sun Yixian (yat-sen) is going to be the leader that leads the revolt
to replace the Qing dynasty….
SUN YIXIAN (YAT-SEN)
Had three nationalist principles of reform that he
used to rally support:
1. Nationalism
End foreign rule of China
2. Peoples’ Rights
Understanding of natural rights as opposed to absolutism
3. Livelihood
Ensuring all Chinese had basic needs provided for (socialist)
SUN YIXIAN (YAT-SEN)
1911 the peasants, students, and workers of China toppled the
Qing Dynasty – upset with imperialism supported Kuomintang
parties three principles
Sun became the President of the Chinese Republic
His political party was the nationalist party called the Kuomintang
REVIEW
How is a republic different from a democracy?
 Democracy: every citizen votes on everything
 Republic: citizens elect representatives to vote on everything
What empire had the first republic?
 Rome
SUN YIXIAN
SUN YIXIAN
In 1912 Sun resigned as president, died in 1925
He was unable to unite rival factions and thought that stepping down might
inspire the factions to set aside their differences for a better China
That didn’t happen…
MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT
Instead of unifying, the rival Chinese warlords intensify their
fighting for power
May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919. Students protest Japanese
colonies in China and want China to modernize (westernize,
industrialize)
JIANG JIESHI (CHIANG KAISHEK)
Took over Kuomintang (nationalist) party after Sun died
At the same time a new political party was formed: the
communist party led by Mao Zedong
JIANG JIESHI (CHIANG KAISHEK)
Leader of Chinese
Kuomintang party
(nationalist)
MAO ZEDONG
Leader of Chinese
Communist Party
ANALYTICAL INTERPRETATION
Why do you think each man dressed the way they did for these photos?
MAO ZEDONG
Mao was still promising peasants a great life under communism so
he had their support
Jiang feared that the peasants would revolt because of Mao
Jiang sent soldiers to surround Mao’s camp
LONG MARCH
Mao and his supporters left their camp and ran away.
Long March: 6000 miles march north to evade Jiangs’
army.
Thousands of Chinese died, but the communists survived by
hiding in caves
LONG MARCH
LONG MARCH
MAO AND JIAN JOIN FORCES ...
For all their differences they had one very important similarity –
both parties want a united, successful China
While China is full of anarchy, Japan sees its opportunity…
Japan invades China and these two men join together to fight
back….
INVASION BY JAPAN
When the Japanese invaded, the Chinese troops withdrew
to the other side of Huang He River to prepare, regroup
for battle…
While the military was preparing, the Japanese committed
acts of atrocities against Chinese citizens…
RAPE OF NANKING (NANJING)
Unprecedented and uncontrolled butchery lasting six weeks
Modern day historians label this as attempted genocide
As the Japanese soldiers poured into the city of Nanjing, every living being was shot,
bayoneted
People were taken from their homes and to open fields where they were shot,
beheaded, used for bayonet practice, burnt alive, buried alive, etc…
RAPE OF NANJING
This picture was
published and
caused
international
outcry…
CARNAGE
Approximately 20,000 women were sexually assaulted; including young girls, older
women, pregnant women
Men were forced to assault, rape, kill their own families for the enjoyment of the
Japanese
Sometimes referred to as the “Forgotten Holocaust”
“gendercide” against men
RAPE OF NANJING
Over 300,000 Chinese are
slaughtered…
MAO AND JIANG….
Their story isn’t finished….
But I hope you can see why they united their forces for a common
good ...
EXIT TICKET
What was the Long March?
 Communist march of 6,000 miles under Mao to survive attack by Nationalists
What types of people supported the Communist party?
 Peasants, farmers, poor
What types of people supported the Kuomintang party?
 Middle/upper class, wealthy, merchants, business owners
What were the three nationalist principles established by Sun Yatsen?
 Nationalism, Livelihood, Land
Who took over the Kuomintang party after Sun died?
 Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kaishek)
INFERENCE
Based on what you already know –
What country do you think is going to support the Communist Party?
What country do you think is going to support the nationalist Party?