Transcript return of CHINA - Clayton School District

return of CHINA
Ch 12
dynasty song
Dynasty Review
Dynasty outline
Sui - return to strong dynasty control, central
power start
581-618
of grand canal
Tang - expanded size of empire, promoted
examination system, cultural advancements
control of Silk Road
618-907
Song - continued cultural advancements, but
never the power over region (nomads)
like Tang
cultural
height,
960-1279
landscape paintings
after Han
six dynasties period (simple summary)
fall of Han (220) - Sui (581) CE
active period of Buddhist expansion
importance of Southern China
Sui - overview (big idea)
return to dynastic control
established order and stability after
centuries of fighting
overly ambitious (Yangdi) - too much,
too fast
Sui Rise - Wendi
married daughter in law to ZHOU, then took power
by himself, conquered Southern China
friendship with nomads (gave land, avoid scholar
rule)
moved capital North Xi’an (Cheng’en)
lower taxes and built granaries (excess supply in
case of drought, floods…kept prices low)
Sui fall - Yangdi
murdered father to become emperor
re-established examination system for government
too many gov projects - animal park, canal, palaces
unable to conquer foreign lands (defeated in
Korea, lost to Turks in Central Asia)
assassinated by his own ministers
Sui - Grand Canal
Tang overview (big idea)
bigger empire than Han (close to present day
China)
re-established bureaucracy, stable
government and economics
control of silk road, increased international
trade
height of post-classical China (Song will
continue…)
Tang - restoration of empire
Li Yaun - military official for Yangdi, victor after
chaos
conquered central Asia, rebuilt wall and frontier
army
used Turk nomads as defense, clever alliances
expanded - Tibet, Vietnam, Manchuria, Korea
(Silla)
Sui-Tang capital - Chang’an (Xi’an)
Tang - expansion of Buddhism
common people - Mahayana Buddhism, refuge from
chaos, often adopted among nomadic groups (preSui)
upper class - Chen or Zen Buddhism (educated)
state support - empress WU (Tang) sent emissaries
to India for paintings, more written text
Backlash in 840s - temples not paying taxes, wealthy
donated to temples, not $ to economy - ended
Buddhism’s influence, never will return to this
significance again
Tang - examination system
academies to train officials in Confucian moral
behavior
jinshi = won status with clothing and material
reward
Five Studies - military strategy, civil law, taxation,
geography / agriculture and Confucian classics
birth and family status was still important
examination system
Tang decline, rise of Song
Tang peak in 700’s, height of culture and size
assault on Buddhism showed cracks in system
regional leaders - own taxes, own military
Xuangzong’s (713 - 756) romance with Yang Guifei,
sponsored arts, but displayed excess of court
pleasures
Song empire - overview
smaller geographic space, had to pay off
nomads
revival of Confucian thinking, values
golden age of prosperity - economy,
inventions and arts
Song dynasty
Song dynasty
after period of instability in 900s
emperor Taizu - moved empire further South
maintained economic and cultural strength
never handled nomadic problems - paid humiliating
tributes to Khitan (Manchuria), Xi Xia (Tibet), Jurchin
(Jin)
height of civil service exam, expanded bureaucracy
great capitals
Kaifeng - video Th night
Northern Song
Hangzhou - textbook
Southern Song
Marco Polo
cultural center of
the world
Song empire
military valued less than scholar-gentry class
military rotated regions (avoid becoming too
powerful)
neo-Confucians - apply to daily life, reject
Buddhism
seeds of decline in payment to northern rivals
Tang and Song prosperity
Grand canal - connected North to South
population explosion, movement
South for production further South
re-established control of Silk
Roads in Central Asia
best ships in the world - junks,
use of compass, gunpowder
paper and “flying” money
food production
champa rice from Vietnam
(drought resistant, early harvest)
wheat, pearl millet in North
wheelbarrow use
government: canals, irrigation, embankments
gov broke up largest farms, Confucian value of
labor
family structure
Confucian order: role of father,
obedience of children
some upper class women
initially gained rights
footbinding: ultimate symbol
of gender role
men: pre-marital sex,
concubines, marriage after death of wife
foot binding today?