Transcript New Dynasty
4 1 5 3 2 7 6 Day 1: Mesopotamia •Mesopotamia is also known as the “Fertile Crescent”, and was located on the Tigris-Euphrates River in present day Iraq •Flooding was unpredictable leaving villages vulnerable, yet left silt behind, which added to the fertile soil •Mesopotamia was organized into city states, ruled by kings who established dynasties •Hammurabi led the city state of Babylon, and created a code of laws •These laws dealt with social problems and listed punishments based on social classes 1. City-States in Mesopotamia Video: Mesopotamia- From Nomads to Farmers Video- 20 minutes Farming Inventions Religion Mesopotamia Timekeeping City-states/ Government Writing When Marduk sent me to rule over men, to give the protection of right to the land, I did right and in righteousness brought about the well-being of the oppressed. Below are situations Hammurabi faced. Decide what you think to be a fair way to deal with the problem. Then, click to see what Hammurabi declared. Would Marduk, the supreme god, be pleased with your decisions? Below are situations Hammurabi faced. Decide what you think to be a fair way to deal with the problem. What should be done to the carpenter who builds a house that falls and kills the owner? What should be done when a "sister of god" (or nun) enters the wine shop for a drink What happens if a man is unable to pay his debts? What happens to the wine seller who fails to arrest bad characters gathered at her shop? What should be done about a wife who ignores her duties and belittles her husband? What should be done if a son is adopted and then the birthparents want him back? What should happen to a boy who slaps his father? How is the truth determined when one man brings an accusation against another? YOUR SOLUTION HAMMURABI’S SOLUTION The Rise of Early Civilizations By the early fourth millennium B.C., the population of the Tigris Euphrates increased; and city-states arose. By 2000 BC the cities of Sumer had grown so large that some like Ur, the capital city, had populations more than 200,000 persons. Hammurabi, the Priest King Hammurabi (ca. 1792 - 1750 BC) united all of Mesopotamia under his forty-three year reign of Babylon. Although Hammurabi's Code is not the first code of laws (the first records date four centuries earlier), it is the best preserved legal document reflecting the social structure of Babylon during Hammurabi's rule. About the Code Two hundred eighty-two laws, concerning a wide variety of abuses, justify Hammurabi's claim of having acted "like a real father to his people . . . [who] has established prosperity . . . and (gave) good government to the land." See for Yourself The laws were discovered in 1901 on a stela now in the Louvre Museum of Paris, France. What should be done to the carpenter who builds a house that falls and kills the owner? What should be done when a "sister of god" (or nun) enters the wine shop for a drink? What happens if a man is unable to pay his debts? What happens to the wine seller who fails to arrest bad characters gathered at her shop? What should be done about a wife who ignores her duties and belittles her husband? What should be done if a son is adopted and then the birthparents want him back? What should happen to a boy who slaps his father? How is the truth determined when one man brings an accusation against another? If a builder builds a house for a man and does not make its construction sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death. If a "sister of god" (nun) who is not living in a convent opens a wine shop or enters a wine shop for a drink, they shall burn that woman. If a man be in debt and is unable to pay his creditors, he shall sell his wife, son, or daughter, or bind them over to service. For three years they shall work in the houses of their purchaser or master; in the fourth year they shall be given their freedom. If bad characters gather in the house of a wine seller and she does not arrest those characters and bring them to the palace, that wine seller shall be put to death. If the woman has not been careful but has gadded about, neglecting her house and belittling her husband, they shall throw that woman into the water. If a man takes in his own home a young boy as a son and rears him, one may not bring claim for that adopted son. If a son strikes his father, they shall cut off his hand If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser. ZIGGURAT Egypt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 1JqlAD7dn-E&feature=related Day 2: Egypt • The Nile floods on a predictable schedule • The desert separated & protected Egypt: separated from other civilizations, protected from invasion • Upper & Lower Egypt were united possibly by a king named Narmer • Pharaohs were believed to be descended from the gods, hence Egypt was a theocracy. • Society was structured into social classes • Pyramids protected the Pharoahs “ka”-eternal life force into the afterlife Video Presentation on Egypt As you watch the two video clips on Egypt, answer the questions on the video worksheet. Egypt’s Social Hierarchy Hierarchy = •Categorization of a group of people according to ability or status. •A series in which each element (people) is graded or ranked Indus River Valley Day 3: Indus River Valley • India is a subcontinent, with two major rivers: Indus and Ganges • Monsoon winds contribute to the climate, and can be unpredictable • There is evidence of trade with Mesopotamia—cotton cloth from the area found in Sumer Map of India • Label your map of India using p. 45 in the textbook • Identify the following: Himalaya Mountains Eastern Ghats Deccan Plateau Indus River Brahmaputra River Hindu Kush Mountains Western Ghats Thar Desert Ganges River Indus River Valley Read over the packet of cards given to your group, and fill in the worksheet with five key ideas about each topic When you are finished, turn your paper over and create a travel poster advertising why people should go to the Indus River Valley to settle These will be collected for a grade Create a brochure for the Indus River ValleyOutside- picture and slogan encouraging someone to visit Inside- 3 panels- one on Land, one on Technology and one on trade and travel: For EACH panel: •Write five sentences describing the positive attributes of that category •Draw a picture that highlights something specific in that category Fold so there are 3 panels inside. River Dynasties in China Day 4: Chinese Dynasties • China’s geography includes many natural barriers: the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, Pacific Ocean, the Taklimakan & Gobi Deserts • Early civilizations developed on the Yangtze & Yellow (Huang He) Rivers • Family was the center of Chinese life, it included ancestor worship Day 4: Chinese Dynasties • The Shang Dynasty ruled from 1700 BC-1027 BC • The Zhou Dynasty claims the “Mandate of Heaven” from the Shang • Feudalism develops in China under the Zhou • China will fall into chaos with the fall of the Zhou The Mandate of Heaven Tien (Heaven) Tien (Heaven) The Mandate of Heaven • belief that heaven gives the right to rule The Mandate of Heaven • ruler must be – moral – ethical – good The Mandate of Heaven • in exchange, subjects are loyal and obedient The Mandate of Heaven • bad leadership = right to rebel Four Ways to Lose the Mandate: • weak, corrupt or cruel leadership • natural disasters: – earthquakes – floods – famine • losing the loyalty and support of the people • losing a war, failing to meet the needs of subjects, rebellion New Dynasty •brings peace •rebuilds infrastructure •gives land to peasants •protects people New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes… The Dynastic Cycle Problems •floods, earthquakes, famine •peasant revolts •invaders attack empire •bandits raid countryside Old Dynasty •taxes people too much •stops protecting the people •lets infrastructure decay •treats people unfairly Old Dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven New Dynasty •brings peace •rebuilds infrastructure •gives land to peasants •protects people New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes… The Dynastic Cycle Problems •floods, earthquakes, famine •peasant revolts •invaders attack empire •bandits raid countryside Old Dynasty •taxes people too much •stops protecting the people •lets infrastructure decay •treats people unfairly Old Dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven Dynastic China Timeline B.C. A.D. Yuan (Mongol) 1279-1368 Qin 221-206 1650 B.C. Zhou 1027221 Han 206 B.C. - 220 A.D. B.C. Sui 581617 A.D. Tang 617-907 A.D. Song 9071279 A.D. Ming 13681644 A.D. Qing (Manchu) 16441911 A.D. Columbus arrives in the “New World” China’s total # of years = 3,561 United States total # of years = 236 United States of America 1911 Shang 1650-1027 A.D. Period of Disunity B.C. Shang Dynasty You will receive a reading packet on the Shang Dynasty As you read through the packet: • List three important facts that you learned from each part of the reading • Draw a picture to summarize or show what you learned Chinese writing could be read by everyone, even though they spoke various languages. These Chinese coins are made of bronze. Their shape resembles a digging tool such as a hoe or spade. The earliest evidence of Chinese writing is seen on oracle bones like this one found in the city of Anyang. Mesopotamia •Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates are unpredictable •sail •Independent city-states •Irrigation •Cuneiform •City-states governed first by priests, then kings •No natural barriers •plow •City-states eventually united into first empires by conquerors •Limited national resources for making tools or buildings •Bronze •wheel As you look at these statements, decide if they fit into one of these categories: Environment, Power and Authority, or Science and Technology Egypt •Hieroglyphics •Kingdom with strong government organization •pyramids •Flooding of the Nile is predictable •Theocracy, pharaohs ruling as gods •Mathematics (geometry) •Pharaohs built pyramids •Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages •Medicine •Deserts were natural barriers As you look at these statements, decide if they fit into one of these categories: Environment, Power and Authority, or Science and Technology Indus Valley •Strong centralized government •Planned cities •Indus flooding unpredictable •Monsoon winds •writing •Social divisions not significant •Cities built on precise grid •Plumbing and sewage systems •Mountains, deserts were natural barriers As you look at these statements, decide if they fit into one of these categories: Environment, Power and Authority, or Science and Technology China •Huang He flooding unpredictable •writing •silk •Mountains, deserts natural barriers •Community and family more important than individual •Sharp divisions between nobles and peasants •Coined money •Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations •Cast iron •Mandate of Heaven As you look at these statements, decide if they fit into one of these categories: Environment, Power and Authority, or Science and Technology Environmental Factors Shape River Valley Civilizations People would settle in areas with water and fertile soil for farming. The earliest civilizations formed in river valleys. Sumerian villages were located on open plains without natural barriers. The Sumerians built fortified cities to help villages protect themselves. The Nile River flowed through upper and lower Egypt. The Nile River helped unify upper and lower Egypt by creating a transport link. China’s land forms featured mountains and deserts. Mountains and deserts were barriers to invasion, which led to an enduring Chinese culture. The Indus River linked its civilization to the sea. Trade developed between the Indus River civilization and outside cultures.