Transcript Two Great Dynasties in China - mrs-saucedo

Two Great Dynasties in China
Ch 12.1
Chinese
artifact
from the
Tang
Dynasty
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http://www.youtube.com/user/histo
ryteachers#p/u/50/NIC4zom3w0g
Emperor Sui Wendi
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In 589, Sui Wendi
united northern
and southern
China.
Restored a strong,
centralized
government
Grand Canal
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Waterway connected the Huang He
and Yangtze River.
Provided a vital route of trade
between the northern cities and
southern rice-producing region.
Grand
Canal in
the Sui
Dynasty
Grand Canal Today
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1,000 mile waterway
Tens of thousands of peasant men
and women labored for five years.
At least half of the workers died on
the job.
Thousands more died to rebuild the
Great Wall.
The Great Wall of China
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The endless labor on state projects
turned the people against the Sui
Dynasty.
Overworked and overtaxed, they
finally revolted.
In 618, a member of the imperial
court strangled the second Sui
emperor.
Golden Age
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The next two dynasties – Tang and
Song (pronounced ‘Sung’) - brought
China its ‘golden age’.
China became the most richest,
most powerful, and most advanced
country in the world.
Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
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Ruled for nearly
300 years (618907)
Emperor Tang
Taizong
Expansion of Empire
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Conquered northern and western
lands that China lost during the Han
dynasty.
Extended influence over Korea
Empress Wu Zhao (Jow)
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Empress Wu was married to Tang
Taizong at the age of 13.
After Taizong’s death, she became a
favored wife of his son.
Wu Zhao soon rose above rival
wives and became the emperor’s
chief wife.
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Emperor Taizong became ill, so
Empress Wu ruled the throne.
She was 26 years old when he died.
After his death, Wu ruled the throne
through their sons.
She became frustrated by their
inability to be effective leaders and
took the throne at age 65.
She lost power at age 80.
Empress Wu
Tang China Prospers
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Tang Taizong lowered taxes
Took land away from the wealthy
and gave it to the poor.
He promoted foreign trade
Made improvements in agriculture
Scholar Officials
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Civil service officials had to take a
test in order to become part of an
elite group of scholar-officials.
Tang rulers opened schools around
the country to train young scholars
in Confucianism, poetry, and other
subjects.
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Exams were open to all commoners, but
only the wealthy could afford to go to
school to get the education required to
pass the exam.
Men with political connections could
obtain high positions without taking the
exams.
As a result, talent and education became
more important than noble birth.
Scholar near a waterfall
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Emperor Xuanzong
of Tang wearing
the robes and the
hat of a scholar
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Statue of Civil
Official
Tang dynasty collapses
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By the mid-700s, The Tang Dynasty
was weakening.
To pay for military expansion, Tang
rulers imposed crushing taxes.
This brought hardship to the people
Peasants fled their villages and
roved the countryside in bandit
gangs.
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In 907, Chinese rebels sacked and
burned the Tang capital and
murdered the last Tang emperor,
Emperor Ai.
He died from poisoning at age 17.
Tang Art
Tang, flower imprinted, gilt-silver bowl
Tang Dynasty painting
Song Dynasty
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In 960, Song Taizu, the first Song
emperor, reunited China.
The Song dynasty lasted 3
centuries.
Song tried to maintain peace with
northern and western tribes, but
was eventually forced southward.
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The created a new capital near the
Yangtze river, Hangzhou.
The south eventually became the
economic heartland of China.
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China grew in population, trade,
wealth, new ideas, and artistic
achievements.
By the Song era, China had at least
10 cities with a population of 1
million each.
China became the most populous
and most advanced.
Science and Technology
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Moveable type
Gunpowder
Porcelain
Mechanical clock
Paper money
Magnetic compass for sailing
Agriculture
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In the year 1000, China imported a
new ‘fast-ripening’ rice from
Vietnam.
This new rice allowed farmers to
have two crops of rice per year
instead of one.
The allowed China’s farmers to
produce more food for the growing
population.
Rice Field
Trade
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Trade flourished
The silk roads
connected China
to the Roman
Empire.
The use of the
magnetic compass
made it possible
for sea trade to
expand.
Silk Roads (red)
Sea Routes (blue)
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China lost control over the Silk Road
trading Routes during the decline of
the Tang dynasty.
They concentrated on ocean trade.
Chinese advances in sailing
technology and the compass made
China the greatest sea power in the
world.
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Through trade and travel, cultural
diffusion took place.
Chinese culture rapidly spread
throughout Asia.
One major influence was Buddhism.
Buddhism spread from China to
Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Buddha
Exchange of goods
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Tea first arrived in China from
Southeast Asia.
The Chinese became avid tea
drinkers.
New ideas in mathematics and
astronomy developed from contact
with India.
Islam and Christianity also spread
to China.
Artistic creativity
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Celebrated poets
Li Bo – celebrated life’s pleasures
Du Fu – praised orderliness and
Confucian virtues.
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Also wrote about war and hardship of
soldiers
He was once captured by rebels
Li Bo
Du Fu
Paintings
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Emphasized Daoist love of nature
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Artists emphasized the beauty of the
natural landscapes, mountains, and
rippling brooks
Objects such as a single branch or
flower
Did not use brightly colored paints
Blank ink was their favorite.
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“Black is ten colors.”
Song
Dynasty
Painting
Social Changes in China
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People moved to the cities in
increasing numbers.
Growing cities offered many
opportunities for managers,
professionals, and skilled workers.
The most important avenue for
social advancement was the civil
service system.
Gentry
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A new larger upper class emerged
of scholar-officials.
A class of powerful, well-to-do
people is called the ‘gentry’.
The gentry attained their status
through education and civil service
positions, rather than through land
ownership, although many scholar
officials did own land.
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The middle class included –
merchants, shop keepers, skilled
artisans, minor officials, and
servants.
The lower class include – laborers,
servants, soldiers, and peasants.
Interesting Note
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Many scholar officials grew their
fingernails long to demonstrate they
did no manual labor.
World Record
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This woman from
Utah, currently has
the longest nails in
the world, over 24
feet.
She has not cut her
nails since 1979.
Although the reasons
why she grew them
has nothing to do with
our lesson.
Women
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Were always subservient to men
throughout Chinese society.
Status further declined during the
Tang and Song dynasties.
Women’s work was deemed less
important to the family.
Peasant women usually labored in
the fields to help their families.
Women in the Song Dynasty
Bound Feet
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It became customary to bind the
feet of upper class girls when they
were very young.
Their feet were bound tightly with
cloth, which broke their arch and
curled all but the big toe under.
This produced a “lily-foot” that
became admired.
Foot Binding – The ‘Lotus’ foot
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Women with bound feet were crippled for
life.
To others in society, such a woman
reflected wealth and prestige of her
husband who could afford such a beautiful
and impractical wife.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_FY
M2Y4AR4
Foot binding lasted until the 20th century
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The technological advances, and
social and economic changes
permanently shaped Chinese
civilization.
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____ 1. Which of the following reflects the chronological order of Chinese dynasties?
a. Han, Sui, Song, Tang
b. Han, Sui, Tang, Song
c. Sui, Tang, Han, Song
d. Sui, Song, Han, Tang
____ 2. What contributed greatly to the fall of the Tang Dynasty?
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the invention of gunpowder
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the imposition of heavy taxes
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the doubling of the Chinese population
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the restoration of the civil service system
____ 3. Tang Taizong and Wu Zhao were emperors of the
Sui Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Song Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
____ 4. The invention of moveable type sped up the existing printing process mainly
because the individual type
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was smaller
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was easier to carve
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could be reused to print something else
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could be used to print more than one copy of the same page.
_____ 5. All of the following were inventions of the Tang and Song dynasties EXCEPT:
 porcelain
 paper money
 the microscope
 the magnetic compass
______ 6. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the new gentry gained social status through
noble birth
employment
land ownership
trade and commerce