Transcript Ming Qing China - WilsonWorldHistory

CHINA
Chapter 19 Section 2
BACKGROUND..
• Remember the Mongols were ruling the
Yuan dynasty- they were foreigners so the
Chinese didn’t super like that..
• Mongols’ power starts to collapse &
rebellions break out..
2 Dynasties
• Ming (1368-1644) – the group that takes
over after the Mongols
• Qing (1644-1868)
Ming
• Who: Chinese dynasty
• What: Chinese dynasty that kicked the
Mongols out & restored peace & stability
• Where: China
• When: 1368-1644
• Why: Restored stability by: Agricultural
reforms, returned to Confucian moral
standards, & improved the gov’t by bringing
back the Civil Service Exams
Important leaders that brought
back the stability:
• Hongwu
• Yonglo
“Hongwu” (NC)
• Who: a peasant’s son & rebel
• What: kicked out Mongols & started the
Ming Dynasty
• Where: China
• When: 1368- 1398
• Why: He restored agriculture, got rid of
Mongol customs left behind & led China to
power & prosperity.
“Yonglo” (NC)
• Who: Hongwu’s son, ruler of Ming
• What: Ming Emperor that led the age of
exploration for China & built the Forbidden
City
• Where: Beijing, China
• When: 1398• Why: continued restoring China & made it
powerful; moved capital to Beijing (it’s there
today); built the Forbidden City; qfunded
exploration for China & led the age of
exploration for China
The major explorer for China
was…
“Zheng He” (NC)
• Who: Chinese muslim navy admiral,
explorer
• What: led China in exploring expeditions
• Where: from China, explored SE Asia &
Africa
• When: 1371-1433?
• Why: his voyages showed Chinese
superiority; larger and more grand than
any European voyage
Ming Decline
• Smugglers on the coasts
• Navy too weak to control them
• Emperors living in luxury & stopped
dealing with gov’t affairs
Ming Collapse
• Series of famines =
• Peasants organized revolts that led into
the cities =
• Manchus invaded in the north
• Manchus allied with rebels & took over
Beijing
Qing Dynasty
• Who: Manchus
• What: Foreign dynasty that took over the
Ming
• Where: China
• When: 1644-1868
• Why: Chinese didn’t like the foreign rulers
but respected them b/c: Qing upheld
Confucian beliefs, made borders safe, &
restored China’s prosperity
“Kangxi” (NC)
• Manchu ruler, Confucian scholar
• Foreign Qing ruler that helped
to earn the people’s respect
• 1661-1722
• China
• Reduced government expenses & lowered
taxes; welcomed foreigners into China &
educated them about China
Qianlong
• Kangxi’s grandson, 2nd
great ruler of Qing
• Ruled at height of Qing
Empire
• 1736-1795
• China
• Expanded empire to
greatest size, cancelled
tax collection
Society
• Patriarchal
– Foot binding
– Female infanticide
• Filial piety
Food Supplies
• Only small portion
of Chinese land is
farmable
– Today only 11%
used
• Relied on highly
productive farming
• American food
crops increased
food supply
Population Growth
• 100 million in 1500
• 160 million in 1600
– Fell to 140 million in mid-1600s due to
rebellion and war
• 225 million by 1750
• Large labor force = cheap wages
• Food production could not keep up
Foreign Trade
• Exported silk, porcelain, tea
• Imported very little
• Technological development had slowed
– Gunpowder weapons came from Europeans
– Christian missionaries used other new
technologies to get in good with the emperors
EFFECTS of trade: …. On next slide:
Christianity
• Didn’t have large effect on Chinese
• Made Europeans aware of Chinese
• Confucianism was appealing
– Rational morality liked by Enlightened thinkers