Transcript APWH Chapter 5 Fall of Han and India

Han Dynasty vs.
Gupta Empire
 The
Han Dynasty kept China
unified for over 400 years.
The Han Golden Age
 The
emperors of the Han Dynasty
established a centralized
government, but wisely avoided
many of the brutal excesses of the
Qin.
 Their rule lasted roughly the same
time span as the Roman Empire.
 Han China made tremendous
advances in many fields.
Science
 Wrote
texts on chemistry, zoology, and
botany
 Measured movements of stars and
planets.
 Invented
seismograph to measure
earthquakes.
Medicine
 Diagnosed
diseases.
 Used herbal remedies and other
drugs for treatments.
 Developed anesthetics.
 Explored uses of acupuncture.
Technology
 Made
paper out of
wood pulp.
 Pioneered
advanced methods
of shipbuilding.
 Invented
the rudder, fishing reels,
wheelbarrows, and suspension
bridges.
The Arts
 Built
grand temples and
palaces.
 Produced
jade and ivory carvings
and ceramic figures.
 Improved
bronze-working and
silk-making techniques.
Han Rulers Strengthen the Economy
and Government in China
 Economy:
They
They
improved canals and roads
set up granaries across the
empire
They
reorganized finances.
They
imposed a government monopoly
on iron and salt
They
opened up the Silk Road, a trade
route linking China and the West.
 Government:
They
made Confucianism the official
belief of the state.
They
relied on well-educated scholars to
run the government.
They
used a civil service exam to find
the most qualified officials.
The Later Han Dynasty and
Decline
 The
Han depended on taxation to
maintain control over their territories.
 The
wealthy began to find ways to
avoid paying taxes, so the burden fell
to the merchants and the peasants.
 By 22 B.C. revolts broke out all over the
country.
Yellow Turbans

Daoism gained popularity


Emphasized healing powers
Yellow Turbans were Daoist leaders who promised
a golden age through magic

They criticized the government for being weak and
corrupt

30,000 students protested (didn’t work)
 Floods
destroyed irrigation systems.
 Widespread famine lead to further
revolts in the south.
 New epidemics spread through China
 Buddhism spread
 In
reaction the “Later Han”
government strengthened their
control on the population and
economy.
 Like
the earlier Han dynasties, though,
the wealthy stopped paying taxes, the
economy declined, the peasants
revolted, and the Han Dynasty fell in
220 A.D.
 Empire
fractures into “Three
Kingdoms” and “Six Dynasties.”
Gupta Dynasty Re-Unites India
(Classical India)
375-550 CE
• OVERVIEW:
• Chandra Gupta
founded it
• Peaceful
• great traders
• strong art, science
and mathematics
• Hinduism
dominated
• The Gupta have
strong central govt
which allowed a
degree of local
control
Politics
• Chandra Gupta (320-335 AD)
–Alliances & Conquest
–Consolidated Power & Territory
–Drove out the Kushans
• Samudra Gupta (335-375 AD)
• Chandra Gupta II (375-415 AD)
–Decentralization
–Peace & Prosperity (Faxian)
Chandra Gupta I (reigned AD 320-c. 330),
• Pataliputra : Mauryan capital: magnificent palaces,
temples, parks
• Path to Power
– Increased the power and territory of his regional kingdom
by marrying Princess Kumaradevi whose family
controlled northern India/Nepal.
• Other N. Indian territories joined this alliance for protection
and trade as his power grew
Kumardevi and Chandragupta I
335-370 ce
Gold Dinar
Samudra Gupta (son of Chandra)
• launched wars of
conquest across
N. India
• Built a larger
Gupta empire
• Wealth came
from many mines
owned by govt
Gupta Economy
• owned gold mines, silver mines, and vast lands.
• rent money from farmers funded government (govt
owned the land)
• Silk Road served Gupta, Han, Rome and Persia Dynasties
• Indian merchants shipped ivory, jewels, and textiles, salt
and iron
• The Romans traded glass, jewels, and clothes.
• Chinese merchants traded silk, spices, tea, and porcelain.
• The Gupta Empire profited greatly from religious trade
and religious pilgrims.
Gupta social life
• VERY wealthy civilization
• enjoyed gardens, music,
and daily bathing
• ate lots of variety; rice,
bread, fish, milk, fruits and
juices.
• slave labor
• Hinduism became more
organized & temples
became more important.
• Women lost rights compared
to under Buddhism
• Child marriage became
common for girls
• HINDUSIM returns as
dominant religion
Gupta Math/Science
• Invented numbers 1-9, decimal system, pi
• Zero invented by Aryabata
• Charted planets and star movements
• recognized the Earth is round and rotates
on its axis and revolves around sun.
• Indian physicians excelled in medicines,
caesarean section, bone setting, and skin
grafting, smallpox vaccination
Gupta Buddhist Art
• AJANTA CAVES
• depict the stories of
Buddhism spanning from
the period from 200 bce
to 650 ce.
AJANTA CAVES
.
• During the 4th century
c.e.
• Buddhist monasteries
and prayer halls.
• twenty-nine caves
• adorned with elaborate
painting and sculptures
the Sarnath Buddha
Gupta Decline
Later Gupta rulers lived extravagantly, which
weakened the people’s loyalty.
–Guptas weakened by the expense of the War
with White Huns and competing India
kingdoms
–Still maintained a growing culture and
economy.
White Huns c. 500ce invade
through Kyber Pass and Ganges Valley
• destroyed cities and reduced Hindu temples to rubble.
• Feudal provinces declare independence when Gupta
are destroyed
• Invaders are integrated into the warrior caste
• Regional princes called Rajput
• India separates into independent kingdoms.
• not unified again until the Muslims in the 11th century
• Indian culture continued to grow without a unified
political system
• New mother goddess (Devi)
• Start using Hindi for religious text
Recipe for Disaster
CLAIM AN EMPIRE (HAN, GUPTA, ROME)
(11 EACH)
HAN 11
GUPTA 11
ROME 11
Recipe Requirements
 Title
(name of dish)
 Serving
 Prep
size
time
 Ingredients
 Steps
5
5
 Illustrations
5


Address the major
contributing factors
to the collapse of
the empire
Empire should have at least 5
references with specific
dates/facts/people to support the
factors.