Transcript Modern History of East Asia

History of East Asia
Ancient East Asia (668-670)
• China’s Dynasties
– Culture began in the _____ River Valley over 5,000 years ago.
Over the centuries, ruling dynasties faced invasions from Central
Asia, natural disasters caused dynasty’s to collapse. The
dynasty was said to have lost “the _____________,” or divine
approval and it would give way to the new ruling family.
– During the Zhou Dynasty, Chinese _______ spread and _____
grew.
– The teachings of _______ and _________ on discipline, moral
conduct, and harmony with nature also had a profound influence
on East Asian life.
– The Zhou Dynasty was followed by a series of dynasties that
expanded China’s territory. In the 200s B.C., ______________
united all of China and built part of the __________ to keep out
invaders. (protection)
Ancient East Asia (pp. 668-670)
• Korea and Japan
– Buddhism spread from China to become Korea’s chief religion.
– Around 1300 A.D., the Chinese took control of Korea. In the
years that followed, the Korean government and educational
system were based on the teachings of Confucius.
– _____________ had a major impact on Japan’s civilization.
– Japan’s _____, or family groups, united under the Yamato
dynasty.
– Adopted China’s writing system, philosophy, and government
structure.
– From the 1100s to the late 1800s, a series of military leaders
called ________ ruled Japan in the emperor’s name.
Contact With the West (p. 670)
• By the 1600’s, western Europe had developed
____________to Asia, hoping to share in the
region’s rich trade in _______and _______. In
• The United States worked to open Japan for
trade. In 1854 U.S. Naval Officer Matthew Perry
finally forced the country to end centuries of
isolation to trade with the United States. Rule by
shoguns soon ended, and the _______ regained
full authority. In the years that followed, Japan
modernized its economy, government, and
military forces.
Modern East Asia (pp. 670-672)
• Revolutionary China
– 1911, ______________in China.
– 1927, military leader Chiang Kai-shek ____________________After
years of civil war, the Communists, led ___________won power in
1949 and set up the________________.
– In recent years, China’s communist economy has opened to freemarket influences. Taiwan has prospered economically and carried
out democratic reforms.
• Japan’s Transformation
– From the 1890’s to the 1940’s, Japan used diplomacy and military
force to create an empire. After its defeat in World War II, Japan lost
all these acquisitions but rebuilt its economy and is today a global
economic power.
Modern East Asia (pp. 670-672)
• A Divided Korea
– 1950, communist-ruled North Korea invaded American-backed
South Korea.
– During the Korean War, United Nations forces, led by the United
States, rushed to South Korea’s defense.
– A 1953 truce ended the fighting.
– The 38th parallel still separates North Korea and South Korea.
– North Korea cannot meet the needs of its people.
– South Korea has become an economically prosperous
democracy.
• A Free Mongolia
– From 1924 – 1991, Mongolia was a communist state under the
influence of the Soviet Union.
– After the fall of the Soviet communism, the Mongolians adopted
a democratic constitution.
Revolutionary China
• 1911 – Sun Yat-sen leads
a revolution that ends the
rule of emperors in China
• 1927 – Military leader
Chiang Kai-shek forms
the Nationalist
government
• 1949 – Mao Zedong
defeats Kai-shek and sets
up the communist
government of the
People’s Republic of
China
Communist China
• Nationalists fled to
Taiwan and set up the
Republic of China.
• Strict communist political
and economic rule
• 1950s – “Great Leap
Forward”
• Large government-owned
farms
• 1970s – new leadership
under Deng Xiaoping
Questions to Consider
1. Why were China’s government-owned
farms unable to produce enough food,
resulting in the deaths of 20 million
people?
2. It is 1978 and you are Deng Xiaoping.
You know China is not ready to abandon
Communism, so what can you do to
move China forward?
The Growth of Japan
• 1890s-1940s – Built an
empire that included
Taiwan, Korea, other
parts of mainland Asia,
and many Pacific islands
• 1945 - defeated in WWII
• Became a democracy
• Stripped of its territories
and military
• Became a global
economic power with
worldwide trade and
business
The Division of Korea
• After WWII, Korea
was divided.
• South Korea –
American backed
• North Korea –
Communist ruled
The Korean War
• 1950 – North Korea
invaded South Korea.
• UN forces defended
South Korea.
• June 1951 – each army
dug in along the 38th
parallel
• Stalemate
• 1953 – war ends with a
truce and North and
South Korea remain
divided
Mongolia
• 1924-1991 – Communist state
• Democratic constitution