Transcript Philosophy of Ancient China.

Philosophy of Ancient
China.
The purpose:
to open philosophical
sights of ancient China.
The plan:
1. Features of philosophy of
ancient China.
2. Philosophical schools and
directions of ancient China.
Dao- (Chinese, it is literally - a way), one of the
basic categories of the Chinese philosophy. In
Konfutsism - a way of the ideal governor, moral
perfection,the set of morally-ethical standards. In
Daosism - law real, its generating and organising
the beginning. The world is an "embodiment" of
dao. A wise man, following dao, refuses all
activities , reaches unity with the nature and
perfection. In tradition "the Book of changes"
("Itszin") dao is a law of alternation of forces in-jan.
In-jan the basic concepts of ancient
China naturalistic philosophy, universal
space polar and constantly passing
each other (female`s - man's, passive active, cold - hot etc.) forces. The
doctrine about forces in-jan is
systematised in appendices to "the
Book of changes" ("E jing"), ascribed to
Konfutsy, and developed at school of
naturalistic philosophy representatives
lao-tszy • (Li Er), the author of ancient China treatise "Lao-tszy"
(the ancient name - "Dao de jing", IV - III centuries B.C.),
the initial composition of daocism. The basic concept - dao
which metaphorically assimilates to water (a pliability
(податливость) and irrepressibility (неодолимость) ).
Following from dao line of action is nonaction (недеяние)
(weiz): compliance - уступчивость, obedient, refusal of
desires and struggle. The Governor-wise man, having
rejected luxury and war, was to return the people to
primitive simplicity, cleanliness and the ignorance, whicm
existed before culture and morals occurrence.
Confutsism• the ethic-political doctrine in China. The bases of
Confutsism have been put in VI century B.C. by
Konfutsy. The Confutsism declared the power of
the governor (sovereign) holy, granted by the sky,
and division of people into the highest and the
lowest ("noble men" and "small people") by the
general law of justice. In a basis of the social
device Confutsism put moral self-improvement and
observance of norms of etiquette ("li"). From II
century B.C. and till Sinhaj revolution 1911 - 13
Confutsism was the state ideology.
The main problems of philosophy of
Confutsy:
1. The system of ethic forms.
2. Political questions.
3. Individ`s behavior.
4. Social management.
The differences of Confutsism and Daosism:
1. Confutsism – the realistic theory but in
Daosism yhe mithiological begining.
2. Confutsism treated the man as a
cultural, reasonable being but Daosism
treated as a natural being, his emotions and
instincts .
Control questions:
1. What principles lie on the
basis of philosophy of
Konfutsism?
2. What is the essence of Dao
doctrine in?
Tasks for independent work:
1. How could you interpret
saying of Konfutsy «Listen to
everythinbody, but study from
somebody»?
2. To make the philosophical
dictionary.
Philosophy is a mirror reflecting all errors of mankind.
Philosophy is a sight at struggle of spirit with a
matter. Alexander Minchenkov
A man does not accept passively this world, and tries to
understand it, is surprised to it, and this surprise as Greeks
fairly considered the first beginning of philosophy,
becomes sooner or later a question. Sergey Nikolaevich
Bulgakov
To go to the right- to be married, To go to the left to be
killed. The philosopher never selects the middle road, the
reachness are not necessary for him, he does not know
what to do with money. Lev Isaakovich Shestov.
Confutsy
I am not dissapointed, if people do not understand me, I am dissapointed, if
I do not understand the people.
Work over clarification of your thoughts. If you will not have evil thoughts,
there will be no also bad acts.
Happiness is when you are understood, the great happiness is when you
are loved, the real happiness is when you love.
If you will not have evil thoughts, there will be no also bad acts.
Usefull friends three and harmful three too. Useful friends are a frankly
friend , a sincere friend and the much heard friend. Harmful friends are a
hypocritical friend, an insincere friend and a talkative friend.
At fifteen I have turned the thoughts to study. At thirty I have found
independence. At forty I have got rid of doubts. At fifty I have learnt will of the
sky. At sixty I have learnt to distinguish the truth from a lie. At seventy I
began to follow desires of my heart.
How can we know, what is death when we do not still know, what is life?
When the ways are different, do not make plans together.
The philanthrophy is more necessary to the people, than fire and water. I
saw, how from fire and water perished, but did not see, that somebody was lost
from philanthrophy.