Transcript Homo habilis - Conejo Valley Unified School District

Sixth Grade History-Social Science
World History and Geography: Ancient Civilizations
Development of humankind
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Hebrews
Greece
India
China
Rome
Lucy
Australopithecus
afarensis
Early bones found
in Africa - Olduvai
Gorge
Proved that early
humans walked
upright
Discovered by
Donald Johanson
Early Hominids
Homo habilis - Handy man – tool maker
Homo erectus – Upright man – discovered how to control
fire
Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis – Wise man – found in
the Neander Valley in modern Germany – sense of
community
Homo sapiens sapiens – Doubly wise man – early
modern humans
Hunting and Gathering 
Farming
*The transition from
hunting and gathering to
farming is one of the most
important advance people
have ever made.
*Tools – advanced from
simple stone tools to
complex metal ones
Early Humans
Early humans
sites are found all
over the world
Two theories:
Out of
Africa
Multicentric
River Valleys
Most early
civilizations
developed around
a river
Tigris and
Euphrates
Nile
Indus
Huang He
Agricultural Advancements
Irrigation
Economic
Surplus
Division of
labor
With the new
time, early
people were able
to create new
inventions –
plow and writing
The Code of Hammurabi
One of the first codes of
law (1792 – 1750 BCE)
Babylonia
Based on the concept of
“An eye for an eye, a tooth
for a tooth.”
Written on stone pillars
(stele) for all to see
The laws applied to all
people.
Cuneiform
An early form of
writing
Developed in
Mesopotamia
Scribes were trained to
read and write it
Used mostly for trade
Egyptian –
hieroglyphics
India - sanskrit
Egyptian and Mesopotamian
Architecture
Egyptian Pyramids
Mesopotamian
Ziggurats
Egyptian Leadership
Pharaohs controlled
Egypt
Queen Hatshepsut
Promoter of Egyptian
Trade
Ramses II (the Great)
Military Leader and
Master Builder
Abraham – “Father of the Hebrews”
He was a polytheist
who devoted his life to
one god and became a
monotheist
Led his followers (they
will come to be called
Hebrews) from
Mesopotamia to Canaan
Established the
beginnings of the religion
called Judaism
Moses – Leader and Prophet
He led the Jews out of
Egypt back to their
homeland.
This event is called the
Exodus
On the journey, Moses
received the Ten
Commandments from his
god
Christianity
Jesus of Nazareth
Raised as a Jew
Great teacher and
speaker
Sermon on the
Mount
Parables
His followers
established the religion
called Christianity
Greek Democracy
Monarchy
Oligarchy/Aristocracy
Tyranny
Democracy
Pericles – Funeral Oration
City-States: Sparta vs. Athens
Sparta
Athens
Military State
Democracy
Agrarian Economy
Trade Economy
Fought each other in the
Peloponnesian War.
Greek Architecture
Zeus
Greek Mythology
Greeks explained
their world through
their mythology
Trojan Horse
Pandora’s box
Homer
Iliad and
Odyssey
Poseidon
Hades
Ares Athena Apollo
Greek
Philosophy
“Love of Wisdom”
Socrates
Encouraged people to
question the things they
thought they knew.
Plato
Student of Socrates
Aristotle
Student of Plato
Taught Alexander the
Great
Alexander the Great
*Ruler of a vast empire
from Macedonia to India in
the 300s BCE.
*As he conquered an area,
he usually showed respect
for the culture and religion
of the area
*Spread the ideas of the
Greeks throughout his
empire - Hellenism
Alexander’s Empire
India
Hinduism
Dharma – perform
one’s duties and so to
live as one should
Samsara –
Reincarnation – cycle
of birth, death, and
rebirth
Karma – the right
way to live
Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama – the Buddha or the “Awakened One”
Discovered that life is suffering – aging, sickness, and
death
Moving towards Enlightenment and Nirvana
China - Philosophies
Confucianism: “Lead by
example.”
Moderation in conduct
and emotion
Respect of elders
Daoism: “If you must rule,
rule as little as possible.”
Legalism: “Set clear laws
and harshly punish those who
disobey them.”
China – Dynasties
Shang Dynasty –
powerful kings,
ancestor worship
Zhou Dynasty –
feudal, stabilized
China
Qin Dynasty –
unified China and
expanded the
borders, built the
Great Wall
Han Dynasty – time of peace,
wealth, and achievement
China – Silk Road
Rome – Government
Etruscan Kings
Republic
(509 BCE)
Patricians
Plebeians
Julius Caesar
(49 BCE)
Augustus Caesar
First Emperor
(37 BCE)