Transcript Unit 3: Global Interactions (1200-1650)

Unit 3:
Global Interactions (1200-1650)
Global History II Review
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Early Japanese Feudalism
• Geography: Mountainous Archipelago
• Forced Japan to be Isolated from Asia
• Shintoism
– Traditional religion of Japan
– Worshiped Kami- spirits found in everything
• Cultural Diffusion from Korea and China
– Chinese writing
– Buddhism (Zen Buddhism) and Confucianism
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Early Japanese Feudalism
• Feudal Japan (1100s)
– Similar social structure to European system
• Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants, Merchants
• Samurai lived by a Code of Bushido (loyalty)
• Tokugawa Shogun
– Centralized feudal government
– Cultural advances
• Kabuki theater
• Haiku poetry
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Mongols and Their Impact
• Rise of the Mongols (1100s)
– Genghis Khan expanded empire (military)
– Conquered Eastern Europe to Middle East
– Conquered China under Kublai Khan (1279)
• Yuan Dynasty absorbed Chinese society
– Mughal Dynasty ruled India
• Akbar the Great was tolerant to Hindu beliefs
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Mongols and Their Impact
• Mongol Impact
– Destroyed and Conquered much of Asia
– Russia: Absolutist Government and Isolation
– China: Prosperity
– Pax Mongolia and Global Trade
• Silk Road brought wealth (traders like Marco Polo)
• Decline of Mongol Empire
– Too large and diverse an empire to rule
– Deaths of strong leaders
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Global Trade and Interactions
• Expansion of Chinese Trade
– 1405-1433 Zheng He explored SEA for the
Ming Dynasty trading Silk and porcelain
• Major Trade Routes
– Indian Ocean: trade between Asia and Africa
• Mogadishu becomes a major trade center
– Overland Trade: Silk Road
– Mediterranean Sea
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Global Trade and Interactions
• Resurgence of European Trade (1300s)
– Crusades inspired trade with Asia and ME
– Italian City-States emerged as trade centers for items
coming to Europe from Asia
– Trade fairs took place where trade routes met
– Hanseatic League- trade on North and Baltic
• The Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
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Came from Asia through trade caravans
Killed much of European population
Weakened economy and status of the Church
Decline of feudalism
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Resurgence of Europe
• Commercial Revolution
– Growth of towns and a middle class
– Formation of guilds (trade unions)
– Capitalism developed
– Development of banking systems
– System of feudalism declined as serfs moved
to cities for economic opportunities
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Resurgence of Europe
• Renaissance (1300s to 1500s)
– Rebirth of knowledge from Greco-Romans
– Humanism- focus on the present
– Artistic achievements flourished
• Italy: Michelangelo & DaVinci, Flemish painters
– Literature developed and flourished
• Used Vernacular language
• Focused on life
• Shakespeare and Machiavelli (The Prince)
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Resurgence of Europe
• Printing Press (1456)
– Mass production of books
– Increased literacy rates
– Spread ideas rapidly
• Causes of Reformation (1520s)
– Ideas of the Renaissance (Humanism)
– Kings seeking to gain power from Church
– Corruption and Abuses in the Church
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Resurgence of Europe
• Protestant Reformation
– Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses sparking
discussion and change
– John Calvin builds on ideas of Luther
– Henry VIII breaks with Church over annulment
• Counter (Catholic) Reformation
– Catholic Church attempted to keep Catholics
and convert others
– Little change within the Church
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Resurgence of Europe
• Rise of Nation-States
– Growth of royal power in France and England
– Limited monarchy in England
• Magna Carta- document limited King’s power
• Parliament- representative assembly
– Anglican Church develops in England
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African Civilizations
• Geography
– Savanna: grass lands with good soil
– Desert: large part of continent (Sahara)
• Traditional Society and Culture
– Villages with families making up basic unit of
society
– Believe in forces of nature and spirits
– Polytheistic
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African Civilizations
• Rise and Fall of African Kingdoms (800-1600)
– Ghana known for gold and salt trade
– Spread of Islam
– Mali was led by Mansa Musa (Muslim)
– Songhai expanded through military conquest
– Axum traded with Africa, India, and Med. Sea
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