Transcript Day 3

Questions of the Day
What advances did Metallurgy create?
 What was the first metal to be worked?
 What kinds of instruments did the early
Egyptians have?
 How was music used in Egyptian
culture?
 What do we know about Egyptian
dancing?
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BRIEF HISTORY OF METALLURGY
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No substance has been as important as metal in the story
of man's control of his environment.
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The age of copper: from 7000 BC
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From about 7000 BC a few neolithic communities begin
hammering copper into crude knives and sickles, which
work as well as their stone equivalents and last far longer.
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Certain kinds of bright blue or green stones are attractive
enough to collect for their own sake. It turns out that when
such stones are heated to a high temperature, liquid
metal flows from them. They are azurite and malachite,
two of the ores of copper.
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Sometimes the ores of copper and tin are found
together, and the casting of metal from such natural
alloys may have provided the accident for the next
step forward in metallurgy. It is discovered that these
two metals, cast as one substance, are harder than
either metal on its own.
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The age of bronze: from 2800 BC
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A bronze blade will take a sharper edge than copper
and will hold it longer. And bronze ornaments and
vessels can be cast for a wide variety of purposes.
Musical instruments
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Egyptian musical instruments were well
developed and varied. They included
string instruments such as harps, lyres,
lutes, percussion instruments like
drums, rattles, tambourines, bells (first
used during the Late Period) and
cymbals (Roman Period), wind
instruments like flutes, clarinets, double
pipes, trumpets, and oboes.
Hathor
Mizmar
Sistrum
Double Flute
Tuts’s Trumpet
Singing
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tombs inscriptions of songs can be
found, hymns sung to the
accompaniment of a harp. These
Harpers' songs praised the dead and
death, keeping the name of the
deceased alive by repeating it.
One such inscription:
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How firm you are in your seat of eternity,
Your monument of everlastingness!
It is filled with offerings of food,
It contains every good thing.
Your ka is with you,
It does not leave you,
O Royal Seal-bearer, Great Steward, Nebankh!
Yours is the sweet breath of the north wind!
So says his singer who keeps his name alive,
The honorable singer Tjeniaa, whom he loved,
Who sings to his ka every day.
DANCE
Unfortunately, apart from a number of
depictions, little is known about ancient
Egyptian dancing.
 Egyptian choreography appears to have
been complex. Dances could be mimetic,
expressive - similar to modern ballet with
pirouettes and the like, or gymnastic,
including splits, cartwheels, and
backbends.
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Questions of the day.
What advances did Metallurgy create?
 What was the first metal to be worked?
 What kinds of instruments did the early
Egyptians have?
 How was music used in Egyptian
culture?
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Note book assignment.
Study!
 quiz tomorrow.
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What is on the quiz?
 What format is the quiz?
 Review?
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