Transcript The Historical and Cultural Heritage of Turkiye and Ankara

ANKARA UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
Res. Assist. Dürdane Polat
«The Historical and Cultural Heritage of Turkiye and
Ankara – Potentialities for Historical Recreation»
«O
Património Histórico-Cultural da Turquia e
Ankara – Potencialidades para a Recriação
Histórica»
1st Project Meeting
Comenius 2.1
“Historical Recreation as a Pedagogical Project”
Lagos, 29 October-01November 2006
«The Historical and Cultural Heritage of
Turkiye and Ankara – Potentialities for
Historical Recreation»
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General Introduction of Turkiye
Turkish Culture
Ankara
Central Anatolia
– Gordion
– Cappadocia
TURKIYE
REGIONS
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1
ANKARA
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4
2
7
3
1 . MARMARA REGION
4 . CENTER ANATOLIAN REGION
2 . EAGEAN REGION
5 . BLACK SEA REGION
3 . MEDITARIEN REGION
6 . EAST ANATOLIAN REGION
7 . SOUTH-EAST ANATOLIAN REGION
TURKIYE
• OFFICIAL NAME:
The Republic of Turkey
(Türkiye Cumhuriyeti)
• CAPITAL: ANKARA
• POPULATION: 67.8 million (as of 2002)
• LANGUAGE: Turkish (uses Latin Alphabet)
• CURRENCY: New Turkish Lira (YTL)
TURKIYE IS A NEW COUNTRY in an old land.
The modern Turkish state had developed in the late
nineteenth century.
The earliest settlements in Anatolia date from the
Palaeolithic age.
Anatolia is a bridge connecting the Middle East and
Europe, and it shares in the history of both those parts
of the world.
The history of Turkiye encompasses,
- the history of Anatolia before the coming of the Turks
and of the civilizations,Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic,
and Byzantine
-it includes the history of the Turkish peoples,
including the Seljuks, who brought Islam and the
Turkish language to Anatolia
- it is the history of the Ottoman Empire, a vast,
cosmopolitan, pan-Islamic state that developed from a
small Turkish amirate in Anatolia and that for centuries
was a world power
The Turkish cuisine is very rich. In Turkey you will find
a lot of tea gardens, restaurants, bars and discos.
Turkiye has been a cradle of many different cultures
and civilizations and has served as a bridge between
eastern and western cultures.
Turkish culture is an immense mixture partly produced
by the rich history.
The original lands of Turks is Central Asia, bordering
China.
From this location, they were forced to move west for
various reasons more than a thousand years ago.
On the way to Anatolia they have interacted with
chinese, indian, middle eastern, European and
Anatolian civilizations, and today's Turkish culture
carries motives from each one of these diverse
cultures.
Folk dances
• Folk dances are performed at
weddings, engagement
ceremonies, when sending young
men off to perform their military
service, at national and religious
festivals.
• Dances are generally performed in
all suitable open areas, but may
also be performed in close areas
as well.
• People who enjoy reputations as
good folk dancers are especially
invited to wedding ceremonies.
Area: 30.715 km²
Population: 3.236.626 (1990)
Traffic Code: 06
The history of Ankara and its surroundings stretches
back to the Hatti civilisation of the Bronze Age.
Two thousand years before the time of Jesus,
the Hittites (the dominant power of the region),
and were then followed by the
Phyrgians,
Lydians and
Persians.
In the 3rd Century BC, a Celtic race known as
the Galatians made Ankara their capital city.
The name Ankara comes from the word
'Ancyra', which means 'anchor.'
The Galatians were the first used Ankara as
a capital city.
Although it is known to have been a small
settlement during the Hittite period, no
artifacts belonging to this period have been
found.
After the Phyrgians, the city was occupied
respectively by the Persians, Alexander the Great,
and the Galatians.
In 25 B.C., the Emperor Augustus annexed the city
and its Galatians kingdom.
In the 4th century A.D. (Anno Domini), there was a
surge in Christianity in this region, where Saint Paul is
said to have started the church.
The 7th and 8th centuries saw the rise of Islam, and the city
suffered many raids by the Persians and Arabs.
The outer walls of the castle were built during this time.
Between 871-893, Turks and Crusaders took turns occupying
the city but in 1127 A.D. the city was brought under the
domination of the Turks and given the name Enguriye.
In 1402 as a result of the battle between Yıldırım Beyazıt and
Tamerlane, the city was briefly in the hands of the Mongols.
In 1414, however, it came under the rule of the Ottomans.
The oldest parts of the city surround the Castle.
Near the gate of the
castle there is the
Museum of Anatolian
Civilizations.
It contains priceless
artifacts belonging to the
Palaeolithic and Neolithic
eras as well as the Hatti,
Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu
and Roman civilizations.
GORDION
Established near a small Village (Yassıhöyük) in
1963.
Gordion has a rich history, which spans several
civilizations
– from the Bronze Age to the
Hittite,
Phrygian,
Persian,
Greek and
Roman periods.
Phrygian Monumental Tombs
The Gordion region is surrounded with different sized
monumental tombs dated from the last quarter of 8 BC
to the Middle of 6 BC.
Monumental tombs are the tombs of the nobles and
leading people of Phyrigia.
Kayabaşı mosaic
• The Roman Period mosaic dated III. A.C.
The galat tomb “Monumental Tomb O”
The tomb which was found out in 1954, was called by Gordion
Excavation Group then as the “O” Monumental Tomb.
The settlement of Anique Gordion
The capital of the Kingdom of Phrygia, the ruins of the famous
city of Gordion; are near the Ankara.
The finding that were found out during German and American
excavations and that were introduced in different publishing,
makes the history of the settlement go back to the Previous
Bronze Age (3000 B.C.).
The Hellenistic Period started in Gordion after the conquest of
the city by Alexander the Great (300-100 B.C.).
Then the Roman Period (1 B.C. – 4 B.C.) and
the Seljuk period (11-13 A.C.) started.
All of these happened in Gordion in a short period of more than
400 years.
Cappadocia
It's name was probably derived from Katpatuka, land of
the beautiful horses, in Hittite language.
Cappadocia is generally regarded as the plains and
the mountainous region of eastern central Anatolia.
It was here that several ancient highways crossed and
different cultures came into contact with each other.
It was also the land of the Hittites. The sparsely
inhabited landscape of Cappadocia is characterized
by red sandstone and salt deposits of the Miocene
(Tertiary) period.
The origins of this unusual region can be
traced to the Tertiary period some 50 million
years ago, when craters and chimneys
dominated the landscape.
Since then huge quantities of volcanic material
have spewed out of the many volcanoes.
Forces of erosion have shaped the incredible
and unique Cappadocian tuff-coned landscape.
For hundreds of years men have dug into the
soft but firm tuff to create dwellings,
monasteries, churches and underground cities.
The history of Cappadocia
began in prehistoric times.
Hatti culture (2500-2000 BC.)
had its way during the Bronze
Age and in about the 2nd
Millennium BC. the Hittites
settled in the region.
Once Asia Minor came under Christian
influence, the first Christian communities
appeared in Cappadocia and those
persecuted for their religious beliefs elsewhere
sought refuge in the region.
Cappadocia thus became a melting pot of a
variety of ethnic groups, all of which have
influenced the culture and religious beliefs.
• Schools would be a place of active learning
• Combining the theory and practice in teacher
training process would lead to more qualified
teachers
• Citizenship training for the participation and
preservation of cultural and historical heritage
of the community would be possible
• Teachers could be aware of “historical
recreation” as a new methodology in teaching
BEST WISHES FROM TURKEY.....