Transcript Yr7 Revision History end of year

YEAR 7 HISTORY REVISION
What is History?
Learn the information
 Evidence a collection of information that we can use to make a decision
- there are four main types – oral, visual, physical and written
 Source = an object or item we can use as a clue to tell us about the past.
 Accurate = it is correct in all details. It will be backed up by evidence that
many people will agree with.
 If a source is reliable it is trustworthy. This means it can be used to help
you to find something out.
 Bias is a one sided personal view or opinion. If someone is biased, they
are taking a one-sided view because of their own personal views /
opinion.
 When we put events in order, we are putting them in the correct
CHRONOLOGICAL order.
 BC= Before Christ
 AD = After Christ
 Primary= These sources were made or written at the time the event
happened
 Secondary = These sources were made or produced after the event
 Facts: information we can prove to be true
 Opinions: your own view of the events
Why did Rome expand?
EMPIRE
A group of countries controlled by
one government or person. This
could be an Emperor (male leader)
or Empress (female leader.)
REPUBLIC
A state in which power is held by
the people and they elect
representatives to govern of their
behalf
Caesar - The
Build Up
The Legacy
The death of Caesar ended the Republic
and started the Roman Empire
His son, Octavian became the first
emperor
He reformed the calendar which has been
changed little over the millennia
The month July is named after him
He inspired Shakespeare to write a play
about him.
The General
• Caesar was a successful army general
• This meant he spent a lot of time with the plebeians
as well as patricians
• He strongly believed in the rights of the plebeians
• He knew true power came with the support of the
people
His changes
• He helped limit slavery by ordering landowners to hire
workers rather than use slaves
• He made public games free to all the people of Rome
• He built more roads (helping the unemployed)
Coins
• Caesar was the first Roman to have his face put on a
coin while he was still alive
• The Romans believed only ancestors and gods could
be pictured
• Caesar was equating himself with gods and Eastern
kings
Ego
• He has appointed himself Dictator-for-Life. Caesar
now rules alone- no longer getting another consul
• Starts wearing an all-purple toga and red shoes like a
god or a king
Egypt
• It is thought Cleopatra was his mistress
• She has a son she names Caesarion
• So he spent a lot of time away from Rome in Egypt
Death
• Caesar was murdered by plotters, Brutus was a part
of it. Caesar received 23 blows as people fought to kill
him, for them he had become to powerful.
The Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthrow of the Titans. All the
Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place, Mount Olympus.
The Romans and the Greeks shared the same stories, but they used different names.
Roman
Name
Greek
Name
Jupiter
Zeus
He was the master of the gods and the main god of the Romans.
He held thunderbolts which he could hurl from the sky.
Juno
Hera
She was the wife of Jupiter, the goddess of women and fertility.
Protector of marriage, spent most of her time punishing the
many women Zeus fell in love with.
Neptune
Poseidon
He was the powerful god of the sea. His symbol was the trident.
Pluto
Hades
Mars
Ares
Venus
Aphrodite
Minerva
Athene
Ceres
Demeter
She was the goddess of the harvest, always depicted carrying a
bundle of grain.
Diana
Artemis
She was the goddess of hunting and a goddess of the moon.
Mercury
Hermes
He was the messenger of the gods. The wings on his helmet and
sandals allowed him to travel quickly to wherever a god might
send him. He was the god of travellers and tradesmen.
Vesta
Hestea
She was the goddess of the heart and home and was very
important to Romans. In her temple a flame was always kept
burning as in the 'hearth of Rome'.
Apollo
Apollo
God of music, healing, light, and truth. He moved the sun across
the sky.
Description
He was the god of the underworld and the judge of the dead. He
was also the god of mined metals like gold and silver- the physical
underworld.
He was the god of war, the strongest and most fearsome god,
except for Jupiter.
She was the goddess of love and beauty.
She was the goddess of wisdom, learning, art crafts and industry.
Her symbol was the owl.
Structure of the Roman Army
Legion made up of 6000 legionaries
Divided into 10 cohorts
Divided into 6 centuries
100
100
100
100
100
100
A Roman soldier’s armour and
weapons
 Each soldier wore a
steel helmet, a wool
tunic and a protective
vest made of leather
and strips of metal to
the front.
 Roman soldiers wore no
armour on their back.
Soldiers weapons
included 2 long spears
called javelins, a sword
and a dagger.
 Soldiers had a wooden
shield to help protect
themselves.
 Roman soldiers wore
hob-nailed sandals.
Why become a Roman
Soldier?
You could
earn a
good
reliable
wage
Uniform,
weapons
and
equipment
all
provided
You would be
fit, strong
and brave –
impress all
the ladies!
If you were
brave, you
were
rewarded with
a crown!
After
your
service in
the army
you usually
received
some land
or money
You could earn
extra money
from robbing
those you
defeated
Roman Gladiators
The Roman amphitheatre was the centre of public entertainment all over the
Roman Empire. People would go to the amphitheatre to see men fighting wild
beasts or each other. These men were called Gladiators.
Who were the Gladiators?
• Slaves, criminals, prisoners of war or paid professional fighters.
• The Gladiators would train/exercise every day to help prepare them for
fights.
• If they won a lot of fights they would earn money which they could use to
buy their freedom.
• If you were a really good gladiator and won a lot of fights you would
become quite famous in the Roman Empire.
The Games
• Some gladiator fights were part of a big event called ‘the Games’
• These games would take place in the Colosseum in Rome.
• 50,000 people could watch the games.
• During the games they had three different fights. In the morning there
would be animal shows were animals would fight each other.
• In the afternoon gladiators would fight against animals and then finally it
would be time for gladiator fights.
What was it like at a Gladiator fight?
• The popularity of these fights led to the deaths of over 800,000 people in
the Colosseum in Rome.
• The Emperor would decide if the gladiator should live or die he would listen
to the crowds noises before deciding if a gladiator should live or die.
• A lot of Roman citizens would gamble money on who would win certain
fights.
• Rich citizens normally sat near the front and the poor citizens sat at the
back
• The crowd were often very rowdy and enjoyed seeing the violence of the
fights.
1)
Samnite
2)
Murmillo
Different
types of
Gladiators
3)
Thracian
4)
Retiarius
Reasons why the Romans invaded Britain
In 55 BC the Romans were
fighting in Gaul (France).
The British sided with
Gaul. The Roman leader,
Julius Caesar, decided to
teach the British a lesson.
He invaded but did not
stay long.
Britain had silver
and gold mines which
the Romans wanted!
There was also lead
(plumbing), wood
(building), tin (cups
and plates), wool and
leather (clothes),
pearls (jewellery)
and corn (food).
Julius Caesar thought a
The Roman Empire
successful invasion against was growing in size.
the British would make him They needed
to look brave!
Britain’s wealth and
resources to feed
their growing
population
The British traded with
the Romans but were
not part of the Empire.
The Emperor Claudius
was jealous of the
money Britain had. He
invaded in 54AD and
was successful.
The Romans wanted to
conquer as many countries
as possible to have a large
empire.
The Romans wanted to
turn some of the British
into slaves. The whole
Roman economy was
based on slave labour
The Romans believed
it was their duty to
improve the lives of
people in Britain by
building better
houses and water
supplies.
Caesar thought that the
British were brave
fighters and would be
good additions to the
army.
The Normans
On the death of Edward the Confessor on 5 January 1066, three men claimed
the crown of England: HAROLD GODWINSON, WILLIAM DUKE OF NORMANDY AND
HARALD HARDRADA ,KING OF NORWAY.
The Battle of Stanford Bridge
The Battle of Hastings 1066
William's problems
William’s solutions
At Dover there is a strong castle full
of English soldiers.
Go straight to Dover and kill all the
soldiers in the castle. You can leave
your own soldiers there instead.
Some of Harold’s troops did not
come to Hastings and are still in
London.
If they want to fight they can come
to you. Wait in Hastings and see if
they want to fight.
Much of Northern England supports
invasion by the Vikings.
Send soldiers to kill all the people
who rebel against you. Punish them
by destroying villages and farms
across a wide area around York.
Many English lords did not support
William. He could not trust them
Make those English Lords promise
to be loyal to you. If they do this
allow them to keep their lands.
Money is required, but there is no
record of the wealth of the country.
Create a record of the wealth of the
country and make people pay taxes.
The Feudal System was introduced to England following the invasion and
conquest of the country by William I (The Conqueror).
The system had been used in France by the Normans from the time they first
settled there in about 900AD. It was a simple, but effective system, where all
land was owned by the King. One quarter was kept by the King as his personal
property, some was given to the church and the rest was leased out under
strict controls.
Who introduced the Motte and Bailey Castles to
England?
The Normans from France, introduced the Motte
and Bailey castle to England, when they invaded
the country in 1066. It is believed that as many
as 1000 Motte and Bailey Castles were built in
England by the Normans.
How were Motte and Bailey Castles built?
The most important part of the Motte and Bailey
castle was the Keep. It was built on a huge mound
(the Motte). Mottes ranged from 25 feet (8
metres) to over 80 feet (24 metres) in height.
The sides of the Motte were so steep that it
would have been impossible to run up them in one
go. For added protection, a deep ditch was dug
around the bottom of the Motte.
What were the advantages of Motte and
Bailey castles?
Motte and Bailey castles were quick and
cheap to erect - some only took a couple of
weeks!
The huge Motte with its timber tower on
top gave the defenders an advantage.
The Bailey was designed so that any point
on its circumference (outer edge) would be
within bowshot of the tower.
What were the disadvantages of Motte and
Bailey castles?
Wooden castles were not very strong.
The wooden structures caught fire easily.
Harry = To attack a place lots of times
and very aggressively.