Transcript First Inhabitants - Effingham County Schools

First Inhabitants
Human Cultures in North America
Terms to Know
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Archaeology
Artifacts
Culture
Horticulture
Palisade
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Tribe
Clovis Point
Atlatl
Nomadic
North America
12,000 years ago
• The last Ice Age occurred.
• A land bridge existed
between Asia and North
America (Beringia).
• Georgia’s coast line was a
hundred miles east of
today’s coast.
Paleo Indians
• First human beings in Georgia
• Evidence shows they were here 13,250
years ago.
• They were Nomadic people who
followed the herds.
• Hunter-gatherers - large animals
(mammoths, bison), fish ,wild plants.
• Used large spears with stone tips called
Clovis points (artifacts).
• Warm climates caused extinction of
many large animals during Paleo period.
• No Paleo sites have been found in
Georgia
Clovis Point
• Used on the end of a long heavy spear.
• It was used for stabbing, not throwing.
Archaic People
• 8,000 BC – 1,000 BC (old)
• Nomadic
• Improved hunting (small
animals)
• Created hooks and nets for
fishing.
• Began trading with other groups.
• Atlatl, smaller spear points, stone
tools, grooved axe, & pottery
• This is the prehistoric period in
which horticulture began.
Atlatl
• A spear thrower- a tool that uses leverage to
achieve a further throw.
LH Page 12
• Create a Double Bubble Map
• Archaic and Paleo
Woodland Indians
• 1,000 BC – 1,000 AD
• Permanent villages (protective walls)
along stream valleys (moist soils)
• Farming (sunflowers, squash, beans)
and improved hunting techniques
• Bow and arrow replaced spear, new
pottery methods (artifacts)
• Traded with other tribes
• Ceremonial burial mounds
(Kolomoki, Rock Eagle)
• Mounds, Plants, and Fortified towns
are developments of the Woodland
Indians.
Rock Eagle Effigy
• Located near Eatonton,GA.
• Excavations found the
remains of one person and a
small spear point.
Mississippian Culture
•Stone axes, bowls,
painted pottery
• 800 AD – 1600 AD
• Civilization with organized
towns and cities.
• Extensive agriculture grew corn,
squash, beans – aka: “Three
sisters”.
• Trade with groups as far away
as Mexico.
• Mound building for religious
purposes, burial, and public
business
– Macon, Floyd Co. , & Stewart Co.
• Society created with hierarchies
(levels of importance).
The End
Overcrowding, lack of sanitation, and exposure to
European diseases (tuberculosis) brought an end to
the Mississippian Culture by early 1600s.