Transcript userfiles/424/my files/westward expansion part 1x?id=4959

Expansion of the North
and South
The Industrial Revolution
A Revolution in Technology
 Flowing water and Steam engines
 Began in Great Britain in the textile
 Machines and factories speed up the process
Spinning Jenny
 http://spartacus-educational.com/TexJenny2.jpg
 http://spartacus-educational.com/TexJenny2.jpg
Factory System
 Brings workers and machinery together in one place
 Workers began working with machines as opposed to
working at their own pace
 People had invested a lot money in buildings and machines
 Capitalism-People who invest capital in a business to earn a
profit
 They had to built along bodies of water
 This changes in 1790 the the creation of the steam-powered
textile plant
The Lowell Mills
 While it was several years after the War of 1812 before many
of the industries began to do well in the United States
 Francis Cabot Lowell was an exception
 He and his associates built an improved version of the
English weaving machine
 http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMac
k/lec323/slaterloom.jpg
 Instead of obtaining thread from separate spinning mills,
Lowell’s factory brought together spinning and weaving in on
building
 After Lowell died in 1817, his partners continued to expand
the business
 Lowell Girls
Industrial Revolution Takes Off
 Mass production and interchangeable parts were two things
that helped manufacturing become very successful
 This allowed the price of goods to be lowered
Working Conditions
 Child labor
 By 1880 more than a million children between 10-15 were
working
 Women were required to give all of their income to their
husbands
 Disabled people received no extra help
 Poorly lit
 Air wasn’t always fresh
 Many injuries on the job
“8 hours for work, 8 hours for sleep, and 8 hours for God and
the brethren”
The North
The Northern States
 The Industrial Revolution led to urbanization
 Many cities doubled in size between 1840 and 1850
 The invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse changed
communication
 Communication from East to the West took weeks instead of
months
Manufacturing and Agriculture
 The mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick made it easier
on farmers
 Since machines were doing a lot of the work, farmers moved
to the city to work in factories
 In 1846, Elias Howe patented a machine that could sew
seams in fabric
 http://ushistoryimages.com/images/mechanicalreaper/fullsize/mechanical-reaper-2.jpg
 http://www.sewalot.com/images/elias_howe_british_patent_m
odel_1846_sewalot.jpg
 In 1860, almost 1 billion dollars was invested into factories
and manufacturing
 About 90% of the that billion was invested in Northern states
Transportation
 Steamboats
 Railroads
Steamboats
 Robert Fulton invented the first steamboat in 1807
 It was great for traveling on rivers but not the ocean
 1850, the Yankee Clipper was built for the ocean
 England improved upon that
 http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/mssc/steamboats/images/flboat.jp
g
 https://images.vesseltracker.com/images/vessels/midres/Clip
per-New-York-909722.jpg
Railroads
 The most efficient way to travel
 The Baltimore and the Ohio were the first railroads built in the
1828
 http://wwnorton.com/college/english/naal8/section/volB/maps
/american13_7.jpg
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad#/m
edia/File:Baltimore_and_Ohio_RR_in_1961.jpg
Problems in the City
 Filthy streets
 Disease
 Lack of food
 Fires
 Bad drinking water
Immigration and Minorities
 Ireland in 1845 was going through the Great Hunger
 Potatoes were destroyed by a fungus causing many to come to
the United States
 Took the lowest jobs
 Germans moved to the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes
region
Reactions to Immigration
 Nativists-people who wanted to preserve the country for
white, American born Protestants
 Most Irish were Roman Catholic and not well received
African-Americans
 Faced discrimination in the North
 Slavery ended in the North in the early 1800s
The South
The South
 Remained mostly agricultural
 Cotton Gin changed the production of cotton
 More labor was used to produce more cotton
 Cotton was also important for trading in the North
 Even with all of the slaves in the South, about half of the
Southerners did not own slaves
 Slavery was justified by the Southerners
 Free African Americans in the South were not treated well at
all
 Slaves lived under slave codes
 Slave revolts led by Nat Turner in 1831