Transcript World Leaders of the 1930s

World Leaders of the 1900s
7th Grade Social Studies – Harold E. Winkler Middle School
Brain Pop: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States

Franklin D. Roosevelt became a
democratically elected president of
the United States in 1932.

FDR was elected President of the
United States in 1932 during the
Great Depression.

President Roosevelt had developed
polio at the age of 39. A life
threatening disease of the nervous
system.

Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great
Depression was called the New
Deal (Relief, Recovery, Reform)
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States

Roosevelt’s New Deal
helped the U.S. economy in
the 1930’s, but did not end
the depression completely.

As dictators rose to power in
the 1930’s, FDR took steps
to aid the Allied Powers
(discussed next week).

Roosevelt will serve 4
terms as President of the
U.S. – the only president to
serve more than 2.
December 29, 1940: The
United States must be the great
arsenal of democracy
Joseph Stalin – The Soviet Union

Grew up a poor, only child and read
Karl Marx’s “Communist
Manifesto”

Was inspired by the Russian
revolution led by Vladimir Lenin.

Last name means: Man of Steel.
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

Became leader of the Soviet Union
after the death of Lenin in 1924.

Became a totalitarian dictator –
complete control of society by
using fear, violence, censorship,
and religious persecution.

Used propaganda to sway beliefs
and censorship to control the
media.

Persecuted people based on
religious beliefs or ethnicity and
used them as scapegoats.
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union

Implemented a command economy – government controls all
economic decisions.

1939 – signed a non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler but
sided with the Allies during WWII  Hitler invaded Soviet
Union
Brain Pop: Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler – Germany

Rebellious young life after
the death of his father.

1907: Wanted to be an
artist and moved to
Vienna, Italy… failed to
get into the Academy of
Fine Arts.

Abandoned his friends
and went into a deep
depression.
Adolf Hitler – Germany

During WWI, he served in the German army as a Corporal (low
ranking).

After WWI, Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party (Socialist
& Anti-Jewish Associations).

Within months, Hitler was named Fuhrer (Leader) in the
renamed Nazi Party.
Adolf Hitler – Germany
Wallpapering with
German Deutchmarks

As a result of taking the blame
for WWI, the German
economy was in depression.

Many people became attracted
to Hitler’s Nazi Party.

In 1923, Hitler attempted to
overthrow Germany’s existing
government.

The attempt failed, and spent 1
year in prison for treason.
Hitler’s Stab-in-the-Back Theory
Adolf Hitler – Germany

During his brief prison stay,
Hitler outlined his plans on
taking over Germany in his
book, Mein Kampf .

As worldwide depression hit
in the 1930s, Hitler saw an
opportunity to take control
and by 1933, he was named
Chancellor of Germany.

Within a year, he took over as
Der Fuhrer (The Leader).
Benito Mussolini – Italy
Benito Mussolini – Italy

1915: Joined the Italian Army
during World War I.

British and French promised Italy
land so they switch sides!

After the war, the Treaty of
Versailles was not kind to Italy…
promises were broken!

Mussolini became bitter and
criticized the Italian government
much like Adolf Hitler did the
Weimar Republic.
Benito Mussolini – Italy

In 1919, Mussolini formed the Fascist Party to oppose
social class discrimination.

He organized armed gangs called “Black Shirts”.

They terrorized political opponents and spread Fascism.
What is Fascism?

A political movement that
is an extreme form of
nationalism and
dictatorship.

It is a movement away
from individual rights and
focuses on the needs of the
country only.
The March on Rome

October 1922, Mussolini seized power through the “March on
Rome”.

He became known as Il Duce (The Leader).

Controlled the media and used propaganda to gain support of the
people.
Mussolini’s
Slogan:
“Believe,
Obey, Fight”
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet
Union from 1922-1953.
What is Communism?
• Based on the theory by Karl Marx.
• A “classless society” where all
participants are equal.
• State ownership and control of the
means of production (command
economy).
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or
dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
What is Nazism?
• Extreme nationalism.
•Belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan
or “Master Race”.
•Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed
Germany’s problems on them.
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of
Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
• Extreme nationalism.
• Totalitarian control.
• Interests of the state more important
than individual rights.
• Maintain class system and private
ownership of businesses.
Rise of Dictators - Flocabulary