Transcript Dictators Threatened World Peace

Dictators Threatened
World Peace
16.1
Nationalism grips Europe and Asia
A. Failures of the World War I
B. Joseph Stalin transforms the Soviet
Union
1. Joseph Stalin
a. Totalitarian
b. Communist
c. Launched a massive drive
to collectivize agriculture
d. Responsible for the
execution of millions as he
restructured Soviet society
Stalin & the Soviet Union
II. The rise of Fascism in Italy
A. Benito Mussolini
1. Fascist
2. Nationalist
3. Militaristic expansionist
4. Launched an invasion of
Ethiopia
Fascist Italy
III. The Nazis take over Germany
A. Adolf Hitler
1. Nationalist
2. Wrote Mein
Kampf
3. Leader of the
National Socialist
German Workers'
Party
4. Militaristic
expansionist
Watching Hitler
► Hitler’s
dramatics
 What kinds of
emotions is he
showing? Would this
style of
communication be
effective on
television?
IV. Militarists gain control of Japan
A. Japan's militarists
1. Expansionists
2. Launched an invasion
of Manchuria
3. Came to power
through acts of
aggression
4. Pulled Japan out of
the League of Nations
V. Aggression in Europe
VI. Civil War breaks out in Spain
A. Francisco Franco
1. Spanish
2. Totalitarian
3. Aided by Hitler and
Mussolini
4. Came to power through
a civil war
Spanish Civil War
VI. The United States responds
cautiously
A. The responses by the United States to acts
of aggression in Europe and Asia
1. Did little in response to acts of
aggression
2. Isolationism
3. Neutrality Acts
4. Outlawed arms sales
War in Europe, 16.2
I. Austria and
Czechoslovakia
A. Union with
Austria
1. In 1938,
Austria was
Germany's first
target.
B. Bargaining for the Sudetenland
1. Neville Chamberlain Great Britain’s Prime
Minister signed the Munich Pact.
Munich Pact
2. By signing the Munich Pact, Britain and
France agreed to appeasement toward
German aggression.
Alright,
Hitler, but
this is the
last time!
Munich Pact
3. About the Munich Pact, Winston Churchill
said, "Britain and France had to choose
between war and dishonor. They chose
dishonor. They will have war."
II. The German Offensive begins
A. The Soviet Union declares neutrality
1. Prior to the invasion of Poland,
Nonaggression pact is what Germany
and the Soviet Union agreed to
B. Blitzkrieg in Poland
1. Blitzkrieg was the
German military
strategy of "lightning
war“ and was first
used in Poland
2. Poland ceased to exist after it was divided
between Germany and the Soviet Union.
C. The Phony War
1. Germany
invaded
Denmark,
Norway, the
Netherlands,
Belgium, and
Luxembourg.
III. France and Britain fight on
A. The fall of France
1. The terms of surrender forced on
France included German occupation of the
northern part of the country and the
establishment of a Nazi-controlled puppet
government in the southern part
The Fall of France
2. After the fall of France, Charles de Gaulle
set up a government in exile in Britain.
The Battle of Britain
B. The Battle of Britain
1. France had surrendered to Germany
2. The British army had been forced to retreat
from the continent
3. Britain won the Battle of Britain.
4. Battle of Britain result of this led Hitler to
call off the invasion of Britain indefinitely.
The Holocaust, 16.3
I. The persecution of Jews
A. Jews targeted
1. Nuremberg laws stripped Jews
of their civil rights and property if
they tried to leave Germany.
The Night of Broken Glass
B. Kristallnacht: gangs of Nazi thugs attacked
Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues
Jewish Refugees
C. A flood of Jewish refugees
D. The plight of the St. Louis
II. Hitler’s “Final Solution”
A. “Final Solution” was a policy of genocide
based on the belief of keeping the purity of
the Aryan race intact
1. Genocide is a deliberate killing of an
entire group of people
B. The condemned
B. The condemned
1. “Master Race" was the belief in the
superiority of Aryans and the inferiority of
Jews and other non-Aryans.
C. Forced relocation
1. Ghettos were dismal, overcrowded,
segregated Jewish areas in cities that were
sealed off with barbed wire and stone walls
Concentration Camps
D. Concentration camps could be described as
1. A cycle of hunger, humiliation, and work
that ended with death
2. Crowded wooden barracks infested with rats
and fleas
3. Meager meals
4. Long, hard work
5. Constant threat of being beaten or killed
Concentration Camps
III. The Final Stage
A. Mass exterminations
America Moves Towards War, 16.4
I. The United States
musters its forces
A. Moving
cautiously away
from neutrality
1. Neutrality Act
of 1939
B. The Axis Threat
1. Germany, Italy, and Japan were called the
Axis Powers.
C. Building U.S. Defenses
1. Congress boosted defense spending and
created the first peacetime draft in U.S.
history.
D. Roosevelt runs for a third term
II. “The Great Arsenal of
Democracy”
A. The Lend-Lease Plan
1. The Lend-Lease
Act passed,
allowing the
president to lend or
lease arms and
other supplies to
"any country
whose defense was
vital to the United
States.“
B. Supporting Stalin
1. Germany invaded the Soviet Union in spite
of the peace treaty signed between the two
nations just prior to the invasion of Poland.
C. German wolf packs
III. FDR plans for war
A. The Atlantic Charter
1. Churchill and Roosevelt met secretly
aboard the U.S.S. Augusta. Together,
they drafted the Atlantic Charter.
B. Shoot on sight
IV. Japan attacks the United States
A. Japan’s ambitions
in the Pacific
1. Japan took over
French military
bases in Indochina.
In response, the
United States
placed a trade
embargo on Japan.
Japan Attacks the U.S.
2. After promising his emperor that he
would try to maintain peace, Japanese
Prime Minister Hideki Tojo ordered the
Japanese navy to prepare for attack on the
United States.
B. Peace talks questioned
C. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
1. Japan launched a surprise attack on the
naval base at Pearl Harbor