Transcript The War at Home - White Plains Public Schools

World War 2: The War at Home
ELISEO LUGO III
OBJECTIVES: BY THE END OF CLASS, STUDENTS
WILL BE ABLE TO:
 Describe
how the United States built its
military and converted its economy to
meet wartime needs.
 Analyze the contributions of women to
the war effort.
 Compare and Contrast how World War 2
affected Japanese Americans and other
groups of people at home.
WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD
Leader: Bernard M. Baruch
Purpose: To regulate the economy in
the interests of the war effort
CORPORATE STRATEGIES
1.
2.
3.
Use mass –
production
techniques
to increase
efficiency
Eliminate
waste
Set
production
quotas
 20%
RESULTS
increase in
production
 Retail prices soared
 Changes in women’s
clothes
 Shorter
boots (save
leather)
 Shorter skirt lengths
(save cloth)
 No more corsets
(save metal)

Fuel
Administration
monitored coal
supplies,
rationed gas
and heating oil
 Gasless
Sundays
 Lightless
Nights
 Daylight
Savings
time
OTHER EFFORTS
WAR ECONOMY
 Some
trades had
increasing wages
Shipbuilders,
meatpackers, etc.
 White
collar
workers had a
decrease in
wages
NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD
 Dealt
with
disputes between
management and
labor
 Called for an 8
hour work day,
safety
inspections, ban
on child labor
FOOD ADMINISTRATION
 Run by Herbert
Hoover
 Encouraged
Americans not
to waste food
 Meatless,
Sweetless
& Wheatless
days
 Victory
Gardens
WOMEN IN THE WORK FORCE
 Wartime
need
for labor
brought over 1
million women
into the work
force
 Most women
lost their jobs
when the war
ended
WAR FINANCING
 The
war cost $33
billion
 1/3 was raised by
the government
through taxes
 The rest was raised
by selling war bonds
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION
 The
nation’s first
propaganda
agency
 Headed by George
Creel
 Promoted the war
PROPAGANDA POSTERS
ANTI – IMMIGRANT HYSTERIA
 Bitter
anti – immigrant
feelings were directed to
people from Germany
Austria –Hungary, and
Japan
 Many lost their jobs
 Faced physical violence
ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS

The Espionage and Sedition Acts imposed
harsh penalties on:
 Anyone
found guilty of making false statements that
interfered with the prosecution of the war
 Insulting or abusing the U.S. government, the flag,
the Constitution or the military.
 Agitating against the production of necessary war
materials;
 Advocating, teaching or defending any of these
acts. (T)
Both pieces of legislation were aimed at socialists,
pacifists and other anti-war activists
ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS





To make or convey false reports, or false statements, or say or do anything
except by way of bona fide and not disloyal advice to an investor … with
intent to obstruct the sale by the United States of bonds … or the making of
loans by or to the United States, or whoever, when the United States is at
war";
To "cause … or incite … insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty,
in the military or naval forces of the United States";
To "utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive
language about the form of government of the United States, or the
Constitution of the United States, or the military or naval forces of the United
States, or the flag … or the uniform of the Army or Navy of the United States,
or any language intended to bring the form of government … or the
Constitution … or the military or naval forces … or the flag … of the United
States into contempt, scorn, contumely, or disrepute";
To "willfully display the flag of a foreign enemy";
To "urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production in this country of
any thing or things … necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war."
ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS
 Fines
and / or jail
time for antiwar
activities
 6,000 arrests /
1,500 convictions
 Targeted socialist
and labor leaders
 Violates the spirit of
the 1st Amendment
AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR
 W.E.B
DuBois
Supported
the
war effort
Saw threat of
German
imperialism
Thought it could
lead to racial
justice
STUDENT PRACTICE/ APPLICATION
 1.Read
pages 814-820 in your American
History textbook.
 2. Complete all Checkpoint questions.
 3. Be sure to utilize all information from
PowerPoint presentation, your reading,
and knowledge of Social Studies when
completing the Checkpoint questions.
 4. Complete Exit Ticket Question